目的 比较不同产地白芍Paeonia lactiflora的色、味、气的差异，为白芍药材的质量评价提供参考。方法 利用分光测色仪、电子舌、电子鼻测定不同产地白芍的色度、味道、气味信息；采用顶空气相色谱-质谱法（headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，HS-GC-MS）对不同产地白芍的挥发性成分进行鉴定与相对定量，并对其进行多元统计分析，寻找不同产地白芍的差异挥发性成分；对不同产地白芍的差异挥发性成分与电子鼻进行Pearson相关分析，寻找其气味物质基础。结果 安徽亳州白芍粉末L^*值最高，山东曹县白芍粉末a^*值、b^*值最高，不同产地白芍粉末色度值存在差异；通过电子舌可区分不同产地白芍样品，其味道差异主要体现在丰富性、涩味和咸味；气味差异主要体现在W5S、W1S、W1W、W2S、W2W、W3S传感器，安徽亳州白芍气味独特，与浙江临安、山东曹县产地白芍有明显区分。采用HS-GC-MS共鉴定出53个挥发性成分，筛选出安徽亳州与浙江临安、安徽亳州与山东曹县、浙江临安与山东曹县白芍样品间的差异挥发性成分分别是22、29、22个，其中2-甲基丁醛、2-ethyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran、糠醛是3个产地白芍共有的差异性成分。通过Pearson相关分析确定引起不同产地白芍气味差异的17个成分。结论 通过色度仪、电子舌、电子鼻技术结合HS-GC-MS可较好地区分不同产地白芍，为不同产地白芍的鉴定和质量评价提供科学依据。

Objective: To compare the differences in color, taste and odor of Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) from different producing areas, and provide a reference for the quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Alba. Methods The chromaticity, taste and odor of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different origins were determined by spectrophotometer; electronic tongue and electronic nose. The volatile components of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different origins were identified and relatively quantified by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS), and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out to search for the differential volatile components of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different origins; and a pearson correlation analysis was conducted on the differential volatile components of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different origins and the electronic nose to find the basis of its odor substance. Results Anhui Bozhou Paeoniae Radix Alba powder has the highest L^* value, Shandong Caoxian Paeoniae Radix Alba powder has the highest a^* and b^* values, and the chromaticity value of Paeoniae Radix Alba powder from different places of origin varies significantly; the samples of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different places of origin can be clearly differentiated by the electronic tongue, and the differences in their flavour are mainly in the richness, astringency and saltiness; the differences in the odor are mainly in the W5S, W1S, W1W, W2S, W2W, W3S sensors, and the odor of the Paeoniae Radix Alba from Bozhou, Anhui Province has a unique odor which is clearly different from that of Paeoniae Radix Alba from Linan, Zhejiang Province, and Caoxian, Shandong Province. A total of 53 volatile components were identified by HS-GC-MS, and 22, 29 and 22 differential volatile components were screened between the samples of Paeoniae Radix Alba from Bozhou, Anhui and Linan, Zhejiang, Bozhou, Anhui and Caoxian, Shandong, and Linan, Zhejiang and Caoxian, Shandong, respectively, with 2-methylbutyraldehyde, 2-ethyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran and furfural being the common differential component of Paeoniae Radix Alba in the three origins. A total of 17 components that caused differences in the odor of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different origins were identified through pearson correlation analysis. Conclusion The experiment can better distinguish the Paeoniae Radix Alba from different origins through the colourimeter, electronic nose and electronic tongue technology combined with HS-GC-MS, which can provide scientific basis for the identification and quality evaluation of Paeoniae Radix Alba from different origins.

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河北省重点研发计划项目（20372502D）；国家中医药管理局科技项目（GZY-KJS-2023-030）；河北省自然科学基金项目（H2022423335）；河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目（2025064）