目的 多糖作为中药复方中的关键水溶性成分，阐明其在中药复方中的功能是破解中药复方奥秘、推动中药现代化的一个关键突破口。通过文献计量学方法对2005—2025年国内外中药复方多糖研究的现状、热点及趋势进行全面分析，为中药复方多糖领域的后续研究发展提供参考。方法 分别从中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI）和Web of Science（WOS）数据库中检索相关中英文文献，利用CiteSpace和VOSviewer文献计量学工具，分别对中英文文献的发文量、期刊、作者/机构、被引用频次以及关键词等进行全面分析。结果 近20年来，中药复方多糖领域共发表227篇文献，发文量呈波浪式增长态势，其中中文文献（199篇）占比87.7%，表明该领域研究具有鲜明的中国特色和优势。中英文发文最多的机构分别是石河子大学（40篇）和上海交通大学（6篇），谷新利以40篇居于中文文献发表作者第1位，Li Xiaobo和Peng Ying以6篇并列英文文献发表作者榜首。通过关键词分析发现，近20年，中药复方多糖领域研究大致经历基础技术建立期、活性研究拓展期以及微生态作用介入期3个阶段，研究热点包括提取工艺优化、基本特征表征、四君子汤、玉屏风散、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、肠道菌群介导的作用机制等方面。结论 中药复方多糖研究是一个相对小众但稳定发展的细分领域，具有明显的中国特色和区域优势，存在研究覆盖度不高，研究深度不够以及协同作用研究不足3个方面的局限性。未来的突破必须依赖于多学科交叉融合，着力解决现有局限的核心挑战，进而有望推动中药复方的现代化和国际化。

Objective As key water-soluble components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas, polysaccharides play a critical role in elucidating the mechanisms of these formulas. Clarifying their functions is a key breakthrough to decipher the mysteries of TCM formulas and advance its modernization. This study employs bibliometric methods to comprehensively analyze the current status, hotspots, and trends of research on polysaccharides from TCM formulas between 2005 and 2025, aiming to provide a reference for future development in this field. Methods Relevant Chinese and English literature were retrieved from the China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases, respectively. Bibliometric tools including CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to analyze publication output, journals, authors/institutions, citation frequency, and keywords of both Chinese and English literature, respectively. Results Over the past two decades, a total of 227 literature that met the requirements were retrieved. The annual publication output showed a fluctuating upward trend, with Chinese literature (199 papers, 87.7%) dominating, underscoring the distinct characteristics and advantage of China in this field. The most prolific institutions were Shihezi University (40 articles) for Chinese publications and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (six articles) for English publications. Gu Xinli ranked first among Chinese authors with 40 publications, while Li Xiaobo and Peng Ying tied for the lead among English authors, each with six publications. Keyword analysis revealed that research evolution within the past 20 years can be divided into three main phases: establishment of basic technologies, expansion of activity studies, and the intervention of microecological functions. Hot topics included optimization of extraction processes, characterization of basic properties, investigations into classic formulas such as Sijunzi Tang and Yupingfeng San, along with studies on immunomodulation, antioxidant and antitumor effects, and gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms. Conclusion Research on polysaccharides in TCM formulas constitutes a relatively niche yet steadily evolving area, marked by distinctive Chinese characteristics and regional advantages. However, limitations remain, including insufficient research coverage, limited research depth, and inadequate exploration of synergistic mechanisms. Future breakthroughs will require interdisciplinary integration to tackle these core challenges, thereby potentially accelerating the modernization and internationalization of TCM formulas.

G350;R284;R285

浙江省自然科学基金项目（ZCLY24H2801）；中华中医药学会青年人才托举工程（CACM-2024-QNRC2-A05）；浙江中医药大学“5151远志人才工程”（112123A12201/001/004/019）