川贝母Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus是我国珍稀濒危药用植物的代表性物种，受野生资源过度采挖及生境破碎化与退化的影响，其野生种群已濒临枯竭，目前被列为国家二级保护野生植物。人工繁育已成为缓解川贝母野生资源危机、保障临床用药需求的核心途径，但受限于对高海拔特有生境的高度依赖、生态适应性较窄、种源混杂与种质退化、育苗周期长、病虫害频发及幼苗死亡率高等瓶颈问题，川贝母的品种选育及规模化种植仍面临严峻挑战。系统综述了川贝母种质资源创新与良种繁育、栽培生境适配性优化、病虫害绿色防控及采收加工标准化等关键环节现状，梳理了近年来上述领域的研究进展与技术突破。基于此，提出以种质资源创新与良种繁育为核心，构建川贝母“资源保护-种质创新-品种选育-品质调控-智能加工”全链条技术体系的发展战略，为推进川贝母资源可持续利用、促进产业高质量发展提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Chuanbeimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus) is a representative species of rare and endangered medicinal plants in China. Due to overharvesting of wild resources and habitat fragmentation and degradation, its wild populations are nearing depletion and are currently listed as a national second-level protected plant. Artificial propagation has become the core method to alleviate the crisis of wild Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus resources and ensure the supply of medicinal materials for clinical use. However, challenges remain, including its high dependence on specific high-altitude habitats, narrow ecological adaptability, mixed seed sources and genetic degradation, long seedling cycles, frequent pest and disease outbreaks, and high seedling mortality rates. These issues still pose significant challenges to variety selection and large-scale cultivation of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus. This paper systematically reviews the current status of key areas such as genetic resource innovation and high-quality seed breeding, cultivation habitat adaptation optimization, pest and disease green control, and standardized harvesting and processing. It also outlines the recent research progress and technological breakthroughs in these fields. Based on this, the paper proposes a development strategy focused on genetic resource innovation and high-quality seed breeding, and the establishment of a comprehensive technical system for Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus covering resource protection, genetic innovation, variety selection, quality control, and intelligent processing. This strategy aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the sustainable use of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus resources and promote high-quality industry development.

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中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2024E003，CI2024C003YN）；北京市自然科学基金资助项目（7254508）；国家重点研发计划项目（2025YFC3509201）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（ZXKT22061，ZZ18-YQ-036，GL2025009，ZXKT25043）