目的 以远志Polygala tenuifolia根为研究对象，通过区分不同直径根、筒（去心后的根皮）及木心，建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱，结合化学模式识别与多指标成分含量测定方法，系统评价其质量差异，为远志传统“辨状论质”理论中“皮厚者佳”的科学性提供依据。方法 采集陕西榆林地区远志样品，按根直径（2、3、4、5、6、7 mm）分组，分别制备根、筒、木心样品。采用HPLC法建立指纹图谱，标定共有峰并指认主要成分；测定细叶远志皂苷等7个指标性成分含量；利用SIMCA 14.0软件进行主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA），并通过Metware Cloud平台进行聚类热图分析。结果 建立了18批样品的HPLC指纹图谱，标定了23个共有峰，指认了其中7个，相似度为0.748～0.943。PCA与OPLS-DA分析可明显区分根、筒、木心3类样品，并筛选出3,6′-二芥子酰基蔗糖、远志皂苷B等9个差异性成分。活性成分含量总体表现为筒＞根＞木心。其中，3,6′-二芥子酰基蔗糖在筒与木心间差异显著，远志��酮Ⅲ在根与筒间差异明显。各指标成分总量随根直径与皮部厚度的增加而增加，但其含量随直径变化呈不规则波动，可能与皮部和木心比例相关。结论 所建立的HPLC指纹图谱结合化学模式识别与多指标含量测定方法稳定可靠，可用于系统评价不同直径远志根、筒、木心的质量差异，为远志药材的质量控制与资源合理利用提供科学参考。

Objective This study focused on the root of Polygala tenuifolia by distinguishing the root, root bark (after removal of the heartwood), and heartwood from roots of different diameters, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint was established. Combined with chemical pattern recognition and multi-index component content determination methods, the quality differences were systematically evaluated to provide a scientific basis for the traditional “Quality Assessment Based on Morphological Characteristics” theory, specifically the principle that “thicker bark indicates better quality”. Methods P. tenuifolia samples were collected from Yulin, Shaanxi, and grouped according to root diameter (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 mm). The root, root bark, and heartwood samples were prepared separately. HPLC was used to establish fingerprints, calibrate common peaks, and identify the main components. The contents of seven indicator components, such as tenuifolin, were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed using SIMCA 14.0 software, and cluster heat-map analysis was conducted on the Metware Cloud platform. Results HPLC fingerprints of 18 batches of samples were established, with 23 common peaks calibrated and seven of them identified. Similarity ranged from 0.748 to 0.943. PCA and OPLS-DA clearly distinguished three sample types (root, root bark, heartwood) and screened nine differential components, including 3,6′-disinapoyl sucrose and onjisaponin B. Overall, the content of active components followed the order: root bark > root > heartwood. 3,6′-disinapoyl sucrose showed significant differences between root bark and heartwood, while polygalaxanthone III varied markedly between root and root bark. The total content of indicator components increased with root diameter and bark thickness, but the individual content fluctuated irregularly with diameter, which may be related to the ratio of bark to heartwood. Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprint, combined with chemical pattern recognition and multi-index content determination, is stable and reliable. It can be used to systematically evaluate the quality differences of P. tenuifolia roots, root barks, and heartwoods of different diameters, providing a scientific reference for quality control and rational utilization of P. tenuifolia medicinal materials.

R286.2

陕西省科技厅项目（2024SF-YBXM-457，S2024-JC-QN-1808，2025ZY-XCZXJX-04）；中央本级重大增减支项目（2060302）；榆林市科技局项目（2025-SF-219）；咸阳市科技局项目（L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-X64,X73）；陕西中医药大学项目（2025SXZY-GJHX18，2019-QN01）