目的 系统鉴定刺人参Oplopanax elatus AP2/ERF家族的的组成与结构特征，并解析其对茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate，MeJA）的转录响应规律。方法 采用HMM、TBtools、MAFFT等生物信息工具开展全基因组层面的家族成员鉴定、系统发育、蛋白理化性质、基因结构与顺式作用元件分析；基于组培根材料进行75 μmol/L MeJA处理（0～12 h）并获取转录组数据，分析AP2/ERF成员的时序表达特征。结果 共鉴定出167个AP2/ERF家族成员，按系统发育可划分为ERF、DREB、AP2、RAV和B3 5个亚家族，分布于12条染色体上。成员间的蛋白理化性质差异显著（氨基酸长度100～699 aa、相对分子质量11 410～76 697、等电点4.45～11.22、不稳定系数23.47～78.46、脂肪系数45.52～83.15、总平均亲水性−1.245～−0.240）。启动子区顺式作用元件富集于光响应、激素信号与胁迫调控相关类别。RNA-seq结果表明，MeJA处理显著上调根系三萜皂苷合成相关酶基因表达；OeAP2/ERF家族呈现多样化时序响应，共计32个成员被诱导上调，其中OeAP2/ERF4、OeAP2/ERF48、OeAP2/ERF131和OeAP2/ERF143在根部保持较高表达水平。结论 系统揭示了刺人参AP2/ERF家族的组成与结构特征，明确其对MeJA处理的时序响应规律，筛选到4个在根部高表达且受MeJA正调控的关键候选转录因子（OeAP2/ERF4、OeAP2/ERF48、OeAP2/ERF131、OeAP2/ERF143），为进一步解析该家族基因在三萜皂苷合成调控中的功能提供了理论依据与研究参考。

Objective To systematically define the composition and structural features of the AP2/ERF family in Oplopanax elatus and to characterize its transcriptional responses to methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Methods Using bioinformatics tools such as HMM, TBtools, and MAFFT to conduct genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF family members, phylogenetic inference, and analyses of protein physicochemical properties, gene structures, and promoter cis-acting elements. In vitro–cultured adventitious roots were treated with 75 μmol/L MeJA for 0–12 h, followed by RNA-seq to profile time-resolved expression patterns of AP2/ERF genes. Results We identified 167 AP2/ERF genes, classified into five subfamilies—ERF, DREB, AP2, RAV, and B3—distributed across 12 chromosomes. Members exhibited broad variation in protein properties (amino acid length, 100—699 aa; molecular mass, 11 410—76 697; isoelectric point, 4.45—11.22; instability index, 23.47—78.46; aliphatic index, 45.52—83.15; grand average of hydropathicity [GRAVY], -1.245 to -0.240). Promoter analysis revealed enrichment of cis-elements associated with light responsiveness, hormone signaling, and stress regulation. RNA-seq showed that MeJA treatment markedly upregulated root-expressed genes encoding enzymes in the triterpenoid saponin pathway. Thirty-two OeAP2/ERF members were MeJA-inducible, among which OeAP2/ERF4, OeAP2/ERF48, OeAP2/ERF131, and OeAP2/ERF143 maintained high expression levels in roots. Conclusion This work delineates the composition and structural characteristics of the AP2/ERF family in O. elatus and defines its time-resolved transcriptional responses to MeJA. Four root-preferential, positively MeJA-responsive transcription factors (OeAP2/ERF4, OeAP2/ERF48, OeAP2/ERF131, and OeAP2/ERF143) are prioritized as key candidates, providing a foundation for functional dissection of AP2/ERF-mediated regulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis and for subsequent metabolic engineering.

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国家自然科学基金项目（U21A20243）；国家自然科学基金项目（32271823）；黑龙江省自然基金项目（TD2022C001）