目的 通过超高效液相色谱-轨道阱串联质谱（ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry，UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS）技术，系统分析经典名方茵陈五苓散的化学成分及其入血成分。方法 采用水煎法制备茵陈五苓散标准提取物，通过UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS技术结合自建化学成分数据库，对提取物中的化学成分进行定性分析。大鼠ig给药，采集含药血清样本，对比空白血清与含药血清的总离子流信息，筛选并鉴定入血原型成分和代谢产物。结果 在茵陈五苓散水提物中共鉴定出192化学成分，包括苯丙素类、黄酮类、香豆素类、脂肪酸类、核苷类等多种结构类型。其中，绿原酸、3-羟基苯甲醇、阿魏酰基腐胺、2,5-二羟基肉桂酸、2-甲氧基肉桂酸和1-咖啡酰奎宁酸等17个成分以原型形式吸收入血；此外，推测出24个可能的血清代谢产物，如1-咖啡酰奎宁酸-甘氨酸加合物等。结论 全面表征了茵陈五苓散标准水提物的化学成分，明确了其入血原型成分，并推测了相关代谢产物，为揭示该方剂的药效物质基础及作用机制提供了重要依据，同时也为其他经典名方的现代研究提供参考方法。

Objective This study aimed to systematically analyze the chemical constituents of the classical Chinese herbal formula Yinchen Wuling San (YCWLS) and identify its prototype components absorbed into the bloodstream using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS). Methods The standard aqueous extract of YCWLS was prepared by decoction. UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS, combined with a self-built chemical database, was employed for qualitative analysis of the chemical constituents in the extract. A rat gavage administration experiment was conducted, and serum samples were collected. Prototype components absorbed into the bloodstream and metabolites were screened and identified by comparing the total ion chromatograms of blank serum and drug-containing serum. Results A total of 192 chemical constituents were identified in the aqueous extract of YCWLS, encompassing diverse structural types such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids, and nucleosides. Among these, 17 components were absorbed into the bloodstream in their prototype forms, including chlorogenic acid, 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, feruloyl putrescine, 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 2-methoxycinnamic acid, and 1-caffeoylquinic acid, etc. Conclusion This study comprehensively characterized the chemical composition group of the standard aqueous extract of YCWLS, elucidated its prototype components absorbed into the bloodstream and speculated its serum metabolites. The findings provide a crucial foundation for understanding the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action of this formula. Additionally, the methodology established herein offers a valuable reference for the modern research of other classical Chinese herbal prescription.

R284.1

福建省自然科学基金项目（2025J01958）