在全球应对气候变化及我国实施“双碳”战略背景下，推动中药产业绿色低碳转型是实现其高质量发展的关键路径。碳足迹作为重要评价指标，对中药产业绿色制造升级与国际竞争力提升至关重要。系统剖析了中药绿色制造的内涵及其与碳足迹核算的内在联系，综述了国内外碳足迹核算政策、标准体系及制药领域研究进展。聚焦中药产业的特殊性，基于生命周期评价（life cycle assessment，LCA）理论，深入揭示当前碳足迹核算面临的关键问题：数据基础薄弱且不确定性高、系统边界与分配规则模糊、通用模型难以适配中药“能-质-效”时空耦合特性。为此，亟需推进LCA理论的本土化重构，构建覆盖“药材-炮制-制剂”全链条的动态核算模型，建设行业专属数据库，发展智能数据采集技术，并推动标准体系与政策协同。旨在为建立“低碳-优质-高效”融合的中药绿色制造评价新范式提供理论支撑，服务中医药产业“双碳”战略与可持续发展。

Against the backdrop of global efforts to combat climate change and China’s implementation of the dual-carbon strategy (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality), advancing the green and low-carbon transition of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry represents a critical pathway toward achieving sustainable and high-quality development. Carbon footprint, as an important evaluation indicator, is crucial for the green manufacturing upgrade and international competitiveness enhancement of the TCM industry. This study systematically explores the connotation of green manufacturing of TCM and its intrinsic relationship with carbon footprint accounting. It also reviews current carbon footprint accounting policies, standards, and research advancements both domestically and internationally, particularly within the pharmaceutical sector. Based on life cycle assessment (LCA) theory and focusing on the unique characteristics of the TCM industry, this paper deeply reveals the key issues currently faced by carbon footprint accounting: weak data foundation and high uncertainty, ambiguous system boundaries and allocation rules, and the difficulty of general models in adapting to the spatio-temporal coupling characteristics of “energy-quality-efficiency” in TCM. Therefore, it is urgent to promote the localization and reconstruction of LCA theory, build a dynamic accounting model covering the entire chain from “medicinal materials-processing-preparation”, establish an industry-specific database, develop intelligent data collection technology, and promote the coordination of standard systems and policies. This research lays a theoretical foundation for constructing a novel evaluation paradigm for TCM green manufacturing-characterized by low carbon emissions, high product quality, and high operational efficiency and contributes to serving the dual-carbon strategy and the sustainable development of the TCM industry.

R28

国家自然科学基金项目（82173991）；四川省科技计划项目（2023NSFSC1994）；成都中医药大学杏林学者项目（ZYTS2023005）