随着中医药产业的快速发展，中药生产过程中产生大量的固体废弃物，造成严重的资源浪费和环境压力。同时，熔融沉积成型3D打印技术凭借其高度定制化、设计灵活和原料节约等优势，在多个领域获得广泛应用。然而，目前常用的打印材料多存在脆性高、易断裂、易凹陷、功能单一等局限。中药渣中富含约40%的纤维素，可作为天然增强相，用以改善打印材料的力学性能并实现资源的高值化利用。通过综述中药渣的分类与物质构成、处置方式从传统到绿色环保的变革，突出了新型中药渣复合材料的优势、性能优化关键、制备工艺及其在3D打印产品开发中的应用潜力；并总结了目前面临的挑战及未来发展方向，为推进中药废弃物高值化利用和新型绿色打印材料的开发提供理论参考。

With the rapid development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, a large amount of waste is produced during the processing of traditional Chinese medicine, especially Chinese herb residues, which lead to severe resource waste and environmental pressure. Meanwhile, due to its advantages of high customizability, design flexibility, and material efficiency, fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology is gaining widespread adoption across various fields. However, commonly used printing materials are often limited by high brittleness, susceptibility to cracking and denting, and lack of functionality. Containing approximately 40% cellulose, Chinese herb residues can serve as a natural reinforcing phase to enhance the mechanical propert ies of printing materials, thus enabling high-value utilization of resources. This article provides a comprehensive review of the classification and material composition of Chinese herbal residues, as well as the transformation of their disposal methods from traditional to green and environmentally friendly approaches, highlights the advantages of new Chinese herbal medicine residue composite materials, the key points for performance optimization, the preparation process, and their application potential in the development of 3D printed products. This article summarize the current challenges and future development directions in this interdisciplinary field, aiming to provide theoretical insights for advancing the high-value utilization of waste and the development of novel green printing materials.

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国家中医药管理局监测统计中心中医药监测统计研究课题（2025JCTJA44）;江苏省高校哲学社会科学项目（2025SJYB1715）;校级科研创新团队项目（HLXYKC202102）