目的 挖掘药食同源类中药治疗血管性痴呆（vascular dementia，VD）的用药规律，运用网络药理学阐明其潜在作用机制并进行实验验证，为VD的防治提供科学依据。方法 通过检索中国知网、万方、维普以及中国生物医学文献数据库中关于中药方剂治疗VD的临床文献，与药食同源类中药名单进行比对，得到与VD相关的药食同源方药集并分析这些方药的用药规律，筛选出核心中药。利用网络药理学方法获得核心中药的活性成分及其治疗VD的作用靶点进行基因本体（gene ontology，GO）功能和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）通路富集分析；对核心靶点和主要活性成分进行分子对接；并通过动物实验验证核心中药的治疗效果。结果 数据挖掘得到药食同源类中药方剂531首，高频次且具有强关联性组合药对3个，筛选出黄芪、当归、桃仁和山茱萸为治疗VD的药食同源类核心中药。其抗VD的机制与调控白细胞介素-17（interleukin-17，IL-17）、肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor，TNF）等通路相关。核心中药的主要活性成分槲皮素和山柰酚与VD关键靶点肿瘤蛋白P53（tumor protein p53，TP53）、蛋白激酶B1（protein kinase B1，AKT1）、TNF、IL-6具有较好的结合能力。动物实验显示药食同源方可改善VD大鼠的学习记忆能力，减轻线粒体及突触损伤，下调VD大鼠海马组织TP53、TNF、IL-6 mRNA相对表达水平及TP53的阳性表达量。结论 黄芪、当归、桃仁和山茱萸是药食同源类治疗VD的核心中药，其抗VD的作用机制与调控TP53、TNF、IL-6等靶点减轻突触损伤与神经炎症有关。

Objective To explore the medication patterns of medicinal and food homologous traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in treatment of vascular dementia (VD), to elucidate their potential mechanisms using network pharmacology, and to validate these findings experimentally, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of VD. Methods Clinical literature on TCM prescriptions for VD was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and the China Biology Medicine databases. After comparing with the list of TCMs that are both food and medicine, we obtained a set of VD-related TCM prescriptions. We analyzed the medication patterns and screened for core herbs. Using network pharmacology, we identified the active components of the core herbs and their target points in VD treatment, followed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses. Molecular docking was performed on core targets and major active components. Animal experiments were conducted to verify the therapeutic effects of the core herbs. Results Data mining yielded 531 TCM prescriptions that are both food and medicine, revealing three high-frequency and strongly associated herbal pairs. Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Taoren (Persicae Semen), and Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus) were selected as the core herbs for treating VD. The anti-VD mechanisms involve regulating pathways such as interleukin‑17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The main active components, quercetin and kaempferol, showed good binding affinity with key VD targets including tumor protein p53 (TP53), protein kinase B1 (AKT1), TNF, and IL-6. Animal experiments demonstrated that the TCM prescriptions improved learning and memory in VD rats, reduced mitochondrial and synaptic damage, and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of TP53, TNF, and IL-6 in the hippocampus, as well as the positive expression of TP53. Conclusion Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Persicae Semen, and Corni Fructus are core herbs in the category of TCMs that are both food and medicine for treating VD. Their anti-VD mechanisms are related to the regulation of targets such as TP53, TNF, and IL-6, which help alleviate synaptic injury and neuroinflammation. This study provides valuable insights into the use of these herbs for VD prevention and treatment.

R285

国家自然科学基金项目（82374387，82160885）;广西中医药大学“歧黄工程”高层次人才团队（202410）;广西研究生教育创新计划项目（YCBZ2025190）;广西自然科学基金项目（2025GXNSFAA069990）;广西中医药重点学科建设项目（GZXK-Z-20-13）