现有中药质量评价多聚焦于静态的化学成分解析，忽视了成分间的相互作用。中药相态是不同或相同成分通过分子间作用力组成的有序组合物，是中药发挥药效的重要形式，也是中药质量评价的重要补充，体现了中药多成分协同发挥药效的特征。通过系统综述中药相态特征作为质量评价新维度的重要性，总结了中药相态的形成机制、研究方法及其在配伍减毒、增效中的作用，并探讨了活性相态筛选、表征策略及可能存在的问题，为中药质量评价从成分论向“化学-结构-功能”一体化转变提供理论依据。

Current quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) primarily focuses on chemical composition analysis, neglecting the interactions among components. The phase of TCM is an ordered combination formed by different or identical components through intermolecular forces, serving as a crucial form for TCM efficacy and a vital supplement to its quality assessment. It reflects the characteristic of multiple components synergistically exerting pharmacological effects. This article systematically reviewed the importance of TCM phase in quality evaluation. We summarized the formation mechanisms and research methods of TCM phase, as well as their roles in reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy. Furthermore, we discussed the research strategies for screening active phases, characterization approaches, and potential challenges, providing a theoretical basis for transitioning TCM quality evaluation from a composition-based perspective to a “chemistry-structure-function integrated” model.

R28

国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U23A20517);中药生命组学与创新药物研发研究室(zyyjs2024019)