目的 揭示桃儿七Sinopodophyllum hexandrum果实成熟过程中形态特征和氨基酸代谢的变化。方法 以不同成熟期（S1～S9）果实为材料，分别对形态特征、氨基酸含量及相关基因表达水平进行测定与分析。结果 在果实成熟过程中，形态特征（如果实颜色、长度和直径）、氨基酸含量及相关基因表达水平均发生显著变化；其中，S6相比S1，果实长度、直径、鲜质量和干质量分别增加2.21、2.18、31.42和49.05倍；氨基酸含量在S5和S9显著高于其他时期；10个候选氨基酸代谢相关基因（如精氨酸脱羧酶2、芳香酸脱水酶6和天冬酰胺合成酶）在S4～S8相比S2均呈现不同程度的下调表达。结论 随着发育成熟，果实形态特征、氨基酸代谢及相关基因表达水平发生了动态变化，将对桃儿七果实的开发利用提供重要参考。

Objective To reveal the changes of morphological characteristics and amino acid metabolism in fruit of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum at different ripening stages. Methods The morphological characteristics, amino acid content, and related genes expression were determined and analyzed in fruit of S. hexandrum at different ripening stages（S1 to S9）. Results There were significant differences in morphological characteristics（e.g., fruit color, length, and diameter）, amino acid content, and related genes expression during fruit ripening. The fruit length, diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight showed a 2.2, 2.18, 31.42, and 49.05 fold increase at the S6 compared with S1; the content of amino acid were greater at the S5 and S9 than other stages; the 10 candidate genes related to amino acid metabolism [e.g., arginine decarboxylase 2（ADC2）, arogenate dehydratase 6（ADT6）, and asparagine synthetase（AS）] showed a down-regulation to some extent at S4 to S8 compared with S2. Conclusion There were dynamic differences in morphological characteristics, amino acid metabolism and related gene expression levels with fruit ripening. These finding will provide useful references for the development and utilization of S. hexandrum fruits.

R286.12

国家自然科学基金资助项目(81560617);国家中药材产业技术体系(CARS-21);道地药材生态种植及质量保障项目(202203002);国家中医药管理局(GHC-2024-ZFGM-411)