目的 基于基因组数据挖掘黄连Coptis chinensis细胞色素P450(Cytochrome P450,CYP)基因家族成员，并分析黄连CYP719基因的进化特异性。方法 基于拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana和水稻Oryza sativa的CYP基因序列鉴定黄连CYP基因家族成员，利用生物信息学对黄连CYP基因家族成员进行蛋白理化性质、系统分类、基因结构、表达图谱和顺式作用元件等分析；基于23条已报道的CYP719基因鉴定黄连中CYP719家族成员，基于同源序列比对进行共线性分析。结果 在黄连基因组数据中共鉴定得到308个CYP基因，归属9个家族簇的45个家族。编码蛋白的氨基酸数量分布在103～2 008 aa，相对分子质量介于11 010～230 370，等电点介于4.85～9.79。黄连CYP基因外显子数量范围为1～38个，变化范围较大。308个黄连CYP基因不均一地分布在9条染色体上，主要通过分散复制（dispersed duplication,DSD）和邻近复制（proximal duplication,PD）进行扩张。CYP基因表达具有组织特异性，有9个基因在根茎和须根中表达显著上调。胁迫响应元件是黄连CYP基因启动子区预测最多的顺式作用元件。比较基因组分析表明，CYP719基因在耧斗菜、毛黄堇、罂粟和马兜铃中有分布，在拟南芥、大豆、桃、菊花脑、葡萄、黄草乌、水稻和无油樟中均没有同源基因。结论 黄连中拥有丰富的CYP超基因家族，且CYP719基因呈现支系特异性进化，为解析该类基因的功能奠定基础。

Objective To mine CYP gene family members in Coptis chinensis based on genomic data and analyze the evolutionary specificity of CYP719 genes. Methods The CYP gene family members of C. chinensis were identified based on homologous CYP gene sequence from both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of proteins, system classification, gene structure, expression profile and cis-acting elements of the identified CYP genes were further conducted by bioinformatics. The CYP719 family members in C. chinensis were identified based on the 23 reported CYP719 genes in other plants, and their collinearity analysis was performed through homologous sequence alignment. Results A total of 308 CYP genes were identified in the C. chinensis genomic data, belonging to 45 families in nine family clans. The range of amino acid numbers for encoded proteins is from 103 to 2 008 aa, with a relative molecular mass ranging from 11 010 to 230 370, and an isoelectric point ranging from 4.85 to 9.79. The number of CYP gene exons in C. chinensis varies between 1 and 38, with a wide range of variation. A total of 308 CYP genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes of C. chinensis and mainly expanded through dispersed duplication（DSD） and proximal duplication（PD）. The expression of CYP genes was tissue-specific, and nine genes were significantly upregulated in rhizomes and fibrous roots. In the promoter regions of these CYP genes, stress response elements were predicted to be the most frequently occurring cis-acting elements. Through genomic collinear analyses between different plants, the C. chinensis CYP719 genes have homologous ones in Aquilegia coerulea, Corydalis tomentella, Papaver somniferum, and Aristolochia debilis, but not in Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Prunus persica, Chrysanthemum nankingense, Vitis vinifera, Aconitum vilmorinianum, O. sativa, and Amborella trichopoda. Conclusion C. chinensis has a rich CYP supergene family, in which CYP719 gene shows branch-specific evolution, laying the foundation for analyzing the functions of this type of gene.

R286.12

国家自然科学基金项目(32270231);湖北时珍实验室首席科学家项目(HSL2024SX0006)