目的 基于智慧芽（Patsnap）数据库对2000—2024年我国中药产业专利技术发展概况进行可视化分析，揭示其演进规律与结构特征。方法 通过多维度检索策略（标题/摘要、IPC分类、国民经济行业分类等），整合中药产业专利数据119 485件，重点对中药材、中药饮片、中成药及中药智能制造四大技术领域的申请趋势、地域分布、申请人类型、IPC分类及法律状态进行定量与可视化解析。结果 2017年中药产业专利申请量达峰值11 087件后回落，2020年后稳定于5 000件/年，反映产业从规模扩张转向质量提升。山东、广东、江苏为创新高地，安徽依托亳州药材市场形成特色集群，呈现“东强西进”多极化分布。中成药领域专利占比最高，智能制造领域基数小但增速稳定；IPC分类以A61K36（植物来源制剂）、A61K9（剂型）等为主，聚焦消化、抗感染等疾病领域。高校主导高价值发明专利，企业申请量高但授权率不足20%；个人申请活跃但转化效率低。失效专利占比69.91%，主因创造性不足；中成药领域失效专利数量最多，但有效专利占比相对较高。结论 中药专利呈现“数量优势显著、质量结构失衡、国际竞争力薄弱”的特征，中成药创新集中于工艺优化，忽视临床价值验证；建议建立“质量-转化-国际化”协同机制，强化道地药材DNA条形码、纳米制剂等前沿技术布局，推动中药专利从“规模扩张”向“价值创造”转型。

Objective Based on the Patsnap database, a visual analysis is conducted on the development overview of patent technologies in China’s traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry from 2000 to 2024 to reveal its evolution laws and structural characteristics. Methods Employing multidimensional retrieval strategies (title/abstract, IPC classifications, national economic industry classifications, etc.), the study integrates 119 485 TCM-related patents, focusing on four technical domains: Chinese medicinal materials, Chinese herbal decoction pieces, Chinese patent medicine (CPM), and intelligent manufacturing of TCM. Quantitative and visualized analyses were performed on application trends, regional distribution, applicant types, IPC classifications, and legal statuses. Results The number of patent applications in the TCM industry reached a peak of 11 087 in 2017, then declined, and stabilized at 5 000 per year after 2020, reflecting a shift from scale expansion to quality improvement. Shandong, Guangdong, and Jiangsu emerged as innovation hubs, while Anhui leveraged its Bozhou medicinal material market to form a specialized cluster, demonstrating a multi-polar distribution of “eastern dominance with gradual western expansion”. The proportion of patents in the field of CPMs is the highest, while the base in the field of intelligent manufacturing is small but the growth rate is stable. IPC classifications centered on A61K36 (plant-derived preparations) and A61K9 (dosage forms), targeting digestive and anti-infectious diseases. Colleges and universities lead in high-value invention patents, while enterprises have a high number of applications but an authorization rate of less than 20%. Individual applicants were active but showed low conversion efficiency. Invalid patents account for 69.91%, mainly due to insufficient inventiveness; the number of invalid patents in the field of CPM is the largest, but the proportion of valid patents is relatively high. Conclusion TCM patents exhibit “quantitative dominance but qualitative structure imbalance and weak global competitiveness”. Innovations in CPMs focus on process optimization rather than clinical validation. Recommendations include establishing a “quality-transformation-internationalization” synergy mechanism, strengthening frontier technologies like authentic medicinal material DNA barcoding and nano-formulations, and promoting the transformation of TCM patents from “scale-driven” to “value-driven” patent strategies.

R28

中国中医科学院基本科研业务费自主选题项目(ZZ180328,ZZ190307CZ);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A00503);国家中医药管理局政府购买服务(GHC-2023-ZFGM-018-01);国家知识产权局软科学研究项目(SS25-B-25)