目的 通过研究杀青方式和时间、干燥方式对药用植物独蒜兰Pleione bulbocodioides假鳞茎外观、显微结构和化学成分含量的影响，探索其最佳初加工工艺。方法 采用烘箱直接烘干（oven direct drying，OD）、煮制10、20、30 min后烘干（boiling for 10, 20, 30 min and then drying，B10D、B20D、B30D）、隔水蒸制10、20、30 min后烘干（steaming for 10, 20, 30 min and then drying，S10D、S20D、S30D）和冷冻干燥（freeze drying，FD）共8种方式处理独蒜兰假鳞茎，测定其2-O-葡萄糖基白及苷（dactylorhin A）、白及苷和山药素III的含量。通过构建HPLC指纹图谱，并进行相似度分析（similarity analysis，SA）、层次聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis，HCA）和主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）评价加工方法对假鳞茎质量的影响。通过外观特征、组织结构及粉末显微结构观察，评估加工方法对假鳞茎结构的影响。以dactylorhin A、白及苷、山药素III、醇溶性浸出物、水溶性浸出物、折干率、水分、灰分和酸不溶性灰分含量为指标，利用熵权法、层次分析法（analytic hierarchy process，AHP）和逼近理想解排序法（technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution，TOPSIS）综合评价不同加工方法对假鳞茎品质的影响。结果 8种加工方法所得样品的HPLC指纹图谱相似度为0.681～0.994。其中，FD样品的相似度最低，且HCA和PCA均将其单独归为一类，其余7种加工方法的样品则聚为另一类。通过HPLC指纹图谱24个共有峰鉴定出3个共有峰，分别为dactylorhin A（峰7）、白及苷（峰9）和山药素III（峰15）。TOPSIS综合评价结果发现，S10D处理样品的贴近度以及dactylorhin A、白及苷和山药素III总含量最高。结论 隔水蒸制10 min后烘干是独蒜兰假鳞茎初加工的最优方法，该方法有利于活性成分保留，且工艺简便。为独蒜兰假鳞茎的规范化加工以及山慈菇药材质量标准的完善提供了重要依据。

Objective To explore the optimal processing method for Dusuanlan (Pleione bulbocodioides) pseudobulbs, this study investigated the effects of scalding method and duration, and drying technique on their morphologies, microstructures, and chemical composition contents. Methods Pseudobulbs of P. bulbocodioides were processed using eight methods: oven direct drying (OD), boiling for 10, 20, 30 min and then drying (B10D, B20D, B30D), steaming for 10, 20, 30 min and then drying (S10D, S20D, S30D), and freeze drying (FD). The contents of 2-O-glucosylbulleyanolide (dactylorhin A), militarine, and batatasin III were quantified by HPLC. By constructing HPLC fingerprints and performing similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), the impact of processing methods on the quality of pseudobulbs was evaluated. Structural changes were assessed through examination of macroscopic features, tissue organization, and powdered microscopic characteristics. Using dactylorhin A content, militarine content, batatasin III content, alcohol-soluble extractives, water-soluble extractives, drying rate, moisture content, total ash content, and acid-insoluble ash content as indicators, the effects of eight processing methods on the quality of pseudobulbs were comprehensively evaluated by entropy weight method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Results The values for HPLC fingerprint similarity of the samples obtained from eight methods ranged from 0.681 to 0.994. The freeze-dried (FD) samples exhibited the lowest similarity and were segregated as a distinct cluster in both hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), while the samples from other seven methods formed a separate cluster. Three common peaks were identified among the 24 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints: dactylorhin A (peak 7), militarine (peak 9), and batatasin III (peak 15). According to TOPSIS-based comprehensive evaluation, samples steamed for 10 min followed by oven drying (S10D) showed both the highest relative closeness coefficient and the greatest total content of dactylorhin A, militarine, and batatasin III. Conclusion Based on comprehensive multi-index evaluation, steaming for 10 min followed by oven drying (S10D) was identified as an optimal primary processing method for P. bulbocodioides pseudobulbs. This method enhanced the retention of active compounds while being technically straightforward. The study establishes a critical foundation for standardizing processing of P. bulbocodioides pseudobulbs and refining quality standards of Shancigu (Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus) in pharmacopeial monographs.

R283.6

国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF1306703);云南省重点研发计划项目(202403AC100032);云南省重点研发计划项目(202403AC100028);云南省兴滇英才支持计划项目(YNWR-CYJS-2020-023)