目的 研究宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum果实（枸杞子）的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶、D-101大孔吸附树脂、MCI、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱及制备型HPLC色谱进行分离纯化，根据化合物的波谱数据和理化性质进行结构鉴定，并采用4-硝基苯酚-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside，PNPG）法对部分化合物进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性评价。结果 从枸杞子中分离得到15个化合物，分别鉴定为methyl (2R)-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-4-methylpentanoate（1）、5-epi-acortatarin A（2）、5-甲氧甲基-1H-吡咯-2-甲醛（3）、4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid（4）、(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate（5）、4-[formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoate（6）、3-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]pentanedioic acid（7）、N-反式-阿魏酰-3-甲氧基酪胺（8）、N-trans-feruloyl-3′,4′-dihydroxyphenylethylamine（9）、N-顺式香豆酰酪胺（10）、N-顺式阿魏酰酪胺（11）、bungeanoline E（12）、N-malonyl-tryptophan（13）、3-羟基-4-乙基酮吡啶（14）、cartorimine（15）。化合物9抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration，IC₅₀）为（31.64±2.30）µmol/L。结论 化合物1为1个新的吡咯生物碱，命名为枸杞吡咯碱A，化合物2为1个新天然产物，化合物12、13和15为首次从该属植物中分离得到，化合物4、7、14为首次从宁夏枸杞植物中分离得到。化合物9具有显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。

Objective To research the chemical constituents from the fruits of Lycium barbarum. Methods Separation and purification were performed using silica gel, D-101 macroporous resin, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified based on spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the selected compounds was evaluated using 4-nitrophenol-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) assay. Results A total of 15 compounds were isolated from the fruits of L. barbarum, which were identified as methyl (2R)-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-4-methylpentanoate (1), 5-epi-acortatarin A (2), 5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (3), 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid (4), (2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (5), 4-[formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoate (6), 3-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl] pentanedioic acid (7), N-trans-feruloyl-3'-O-methyldopamine (8), N-trans-feruloyl-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (9), N-cis-p-coumaroyl tyramine (10), N-cis-feruloyl tyramine (11), bungeanoline E (12), N-malonyl-tryptophan (13), 3-hydroxy-4-ethyl ketone pyridine (14), cartorimine (15). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new pyrrole alkaloid, named lycipyrrole A. Compound 2 is a new natural product. Compounds 4, 7 and 12—15 were isolated from L. barbarum for the first time, while compounds 12, 13 and 15 were isolated from this genus for the first time. Notably, compound 9 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(22177027);河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划(24IRTSTHN039);河南省杰出青年科学基金项目(252300421027)