分子系统学整合分子生物学、分类学和基因组学，揭示物种的亲缘关系、遗传多样性和动态演化历史，为中药新资源的开发、重要化合物的起源和演化、资源保护和利用提供重要支撑。五味子属Schisandra Michx.植物在保肝、抗炎、抗肿瘤及神经保护等领域具有重要药用价值，以五味子属为例，总结分子系统学对中药资源物种的分类鉴定、遗传多样性评估和新药资源开发等方面的技术支持，并强调了分子系统学在解决中药材同名异物、同物异名及用药混淆问题中的关键作用。随着基因组学技术进一步的发展，分子系统学将在对中药新资源的开发和利用，资源的鉴定与评估体系中发挥更大的作用。

Molecular systematics integrating molecular biology, taxonomy, and genomics, elucidates phylogenetic relationship, genetic diversity, and evolutionary history of species, providing essential support for the development of new medicinal resources, the origin and evolution of bioactive compounds, and the conservation and utilization of resources. The genus Schisandra. plants possess significant medicinal value, particularly in hepatoprotection, anti-inflammation, antitumor activity, and neuroprotection. Using Schisandra medicinal plants as a case study, this paper summarizes the technical support provided by molecular systematics for Chinese material medica resources in species classification and identification, genetic diversity assessment, and novel medicinal resources discovery, and highlights its key role in addressing confusion in traditional Chinese medicine caused by homonyms and synonyms. With further advances in genomics, molecular systematics is expected to play an increasingly important role in the exploration and utilization of new medicinal resources as well as in the establishment of accurate identification and evaluation systems.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金项目（82104343）；科技基础资源调查专项（2022FY101004）；中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2023E002）；国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目（zyyzdxk-2023244）