缺血性脑卒中是导致神经功能障碍的重要原因，其病理机制复杂，涉及神经细胞损伤、血脑屏障破坏及炎症反应等多个环节。近年来，源于天然产物的药物研发备受关注。川芎嗪是从川芎中分离的有效成分，是具有治疗缺血性脑卒中确切疗效的少数中药单体成分之一，已开发成多种制剂，其中盐酸川芎嗪注射液和磷酸川芎嗪注射液已被列入国家医保药品目录。通过系统综述川芎嗪抗缺血性脑卒中的药理作用及机制，发现川芎嗪能显著减轻缺血再灌注损伤，促进受损脑组织修复，其作用机制主要包括抑制脑细胞损伤、保护血脑屏障完整性、改善神经可塑性等多个方面，为川芎嗪在缺血性脑卒中治疗中的临床应用提供了重要的科学依据。

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of neurological disability, and its pathogenesis is complex, involving neuronal injury, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and inflammatory responses. In recent years, drug discovery based on natural products has attracted considerable attention. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a bioactive constituent isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong, is one of the few traditional Chinese medicine–derived compounds with demonstrated efficacy against ischemic stroke. Multiple formulations have been developed, among which TMP hydrochloride injection and TMP phosphate injection are included in China’s National Reimbursement Drug List. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacodynamic effects and mechanisms of TMP against ischemic stroke. TMP markedly attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury and promotes the repair of damaged brain tissue. Its mechanisms of action include inhibition of neuronal injury, preservation of BBB integrity, and enhancement of neuroplasticity. Collectively, these findings provide a robust scientific foundation for the clinical application of TMP in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

R285

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（22207078）；北京市教育委员会科技计划一般项目（KM202310025017）