阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）是老年时期常见的痴呆症类型，为一种中枢神经系统退行性疾病，以记忆力障碍、认知功能缺陷和行为改变等为主要临床表现。AD发病机制复杂，被认为与氧化应激、炎症和肠道微生物群失衡有关。现代药理学研究表明，一些天然小分子化合物因其抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护等功能具有良好的AD防治效果。通过综述在多靶点治疗策略下，天然小分子化合物体外和体内实验改善AD症状的作用机制，讨论了这些化合物作为潜在神经保护剂的未来发展趋势，为基础应用和临床研究提供参考。

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among older adults. The primary clinical manifestations of this neurodegenerative disorder include behavioral disturbances, memory deficits, and impairments in cognitive function. The intricate pathophysiology of AD is thought to be associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota imbalance. Modern pharmacological research shows that some natural small-molecule compounds have good preventive and therapeutic effects on AD due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other functions. As a result, these compounds have drawn more attention. This article reviews the mechanisms by which natural small-molecule compounds improve AD symptoms in vitro and in vivo under multi-target therapeutic strategies, and discusses the future development trends of these compounds as potential neuroprotective agents, providing references for basic application and clinical research.

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上海市医学科研项目（SHXH202249）