山慈菇Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus作为一种传统中药材，具有清热解毒、化痰散结之功效。目前，已从山慈菇中分离出菲类、联苄类等300余种化合物。随着其抗肿瘤、抗炎等药理活性被逐步揭示，山慈菇市场需求量激增，而其正品基原植物的人工栽培技术尚未突破规模化生产瓶颈，野生资源因受到人类干扰急剧减少，导致资源供需矛盾日益突出。人工繁殖是解决山慈菇资源短缺的关键途径，从无性繁殖和有性繁殖角度系统总结了山慈菇基原植物人工栽培已有研究成果，分析了目前该领域研究存在的困难和挑战，并对其未来研究进行展望。兰科种子接菌共生萌发具有萌发时间短、效率高、幼苗抗病性优等显著优势，有望成为突破人工栽培瓶颈的关键有效繁育方式，未来可重点从促萌发真菌的筛选、共生萌发机制的阐释及栽培技术优化等方面进行研究，以缓解山慈菇资源紧缺问题，为实现其资源保护和开发利用奠定基础。

As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Shancigu (Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus, CPPP) is valued for its clearing heat and removing toxin, resolving phlegm and dissipating mass effects. To date, more than 300 compounds, including phenanthrenes and bibenzyls, have been isolated from CPPP. With increasing research on its pharmacological activities—particularly antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects—the market demand for CPPP continues to rise. However, large-scale artificial cultivation of its authentic plant sources remains unresolved, and wild populations have sharply declined due to human disturbances, resulting in an increasingly prominent supply-demand imbalance. Artificial propagation is thus a key strategy to address the resource shortage. This review summarizes the current progress in artificial cultivation of CPPP focusing on both asexual propagation and sexual propagation, analyzes existing challenges and discusses future research priorities. Symbiotic seed germination of orchids, characterized by its short germination period, high efficiency, and enhanced seedling disease resistance, is regarded as a promising breakthrough for large-scale cultivation. Future studies should focus on the screening of germination-promoting fungi, the elucidation of symbiotic mechanisms, and the optimization of cultivation techniques, thereby supporting the conservation, sustainable utilization, and industrial development of CPPP.

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中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程（重大协同创新项目）（2021-I2M-1-032）；山东省泰山学者青年专家项目（Tsqn202211233）