目的 归纳并分析古今治疗抑郁症的中药用药规律及其发展趋势，为中医药治疗抑郁症的现代用药提供参考。方法 运用数据分析软件对《中医智库》和国家知识产权局数据库收录中药复方展开分析。结果 《中医智库》纳入治疗抑郁症有效方剂115首，挖掘出高频中药35味，主要为柴胡（37次，占比4.16%）、白芍（36次，占比4.04%）等；其功效集中于疏肝、健脾及安神等，性味以寒、温，甘、苦、辛为主，归经以心、脾、肝、肺经为主。古籍组方中，关联度排在前列的药对是柴胡-白芍、柴胡-茯苓等。国家知识产权局数据库纳入有效方剂207首，挖掘出高频中药38味，主要为柴胡（81次，占比4.56%）、酸枣仁（66次，占比3.71%）等；其功效分类以安神、补血活血为主，性味以寒、温，甘、辛为主，归经以心、肝、肾、脾、胃经为主。现代组方中，关联度排在前列的药对为柴胡-酸枣仁、丹参-巴戟天等。结论 古代抗抑郁方剂用药呈“疏肝为主，健脾为辅，兼养血”三角结构；现代中药方剂继承创新，以疏肝、健脾等药联合组方，强化“活血通络、化痰开窍、清热除烦”配伍。现代抗抑郁复方提高安神、活血、清热类中药应用比例，沿用经典配伍并发展新方法。抗抑郁中药复方的演变是病机理论深化、现代药理研究推动和临床需求共同作用的结果，形成“多靶点模块化配伍”模式，可为抗抑郁中药开发应用提供参考。

Objective To summarize and analyze the patterns and trends in the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating depression from ancient to modern times, providing a reference for the modern application of TCM in treating depression. Methods Software tools were employed to analyze data from the TCM big data analysis platform and the database of the National Intellectual Property Administration. Results The ancient classical prescription database included 115 effective prescriptions for treating depression, from which 35 high-frequency Chinese herbs were identified. The top nine herbs by frequency were Chaihu (Bupleurum chinense, 37 times, 4.16%), Baishao (Paeonia lactiflora, 36 times, 4.04%), etc. Their effects focused on soothing the liver, strengthening the spleen, and calming the mind. The properties and flavors were mainly cold-warm, sweet-bitter-pungent, and the meridians they acted on were primarily the heart, spleen, liver, and lung meridians. In the ancient prescriptions, the top five herb pairs by association were Chaihu-Baishao, Chaihu-Fuling (Poria), etc. The Chinese patent database included 207 effective prescriptions, from which 38 high-frequency Chinese herbs were identified. The top nine herbs by frequency were Chaihu (81 times, 4.56%), Suanzaoren (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa, 66 times, 3.71%), etc. Their efficacy classifications were mainly calming the mind, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The properties and flavors were mainly cold-warm, sweet-pungent, and the meridians they acted on were primarily the heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and stomach meridians. In the modern prescriptions, the top five herb pairs by association were Chaihu-Suanzaoren, Danshen-BaJitian (Morinda officinalis), etc. Conclusion The medication of ancient anti-depressant prescriptions presents a “soothing the liver as the main focus, strengthening the spleen as a supplement, and nourishing blood” triangular structure. Modern TCM prescriptions inherit and innovate, combining herbs that soothe the liver and strengthen the spleen, and emphasize the compatibility of “promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, removing phlegm and opening orifices, and clearing heat and removing annoyance”. Modern anti-depressant TCM increases the application proportion of herbs that calm the mind, promote blood circulation, and clear heat, while continuing to use classical compatibility and developing new methods. The evolution of TCM anti-depressant compound prescriptions is the result of the deepening of pathogenesis theory, the promotion of modern pharmacological research, and the compulsion of clinical needs, forming a “multi-target modular compatibility” model, which can provide a reference for the development and application of anti-depressant TCM.

R285

湖南省重点领域研发计划（2023SK2046）；湖南省卫生健康高层次人才重大科研专项（R2023139）；湖南省自然科药联合基金（2023JJ60474）；湖南创新型省份建设专项（2024RC8110）；湖南省大学生创新创业专项（S202510541063）；湖南省大学本科生科研创新基金（2025BKS190）