目的 探索卓尼柴胡多糖（Zhuoni Radix Bupleuri polysaccharide，ZRBP）的理化特性和降血糖潜力，为卓尼柴胡的精深开发提供一定的研究基础和理论支撑。方法 经水提醇沉、Sevag法除蛋白后得到卓尼柴胡粗多糖（crude Zhuoni Radix Bupleuri polysaccharide，C-ZRBP），Sephadex G-200柱色谱分离后得到卓尼柴胡多糖（Zhuoni Radix Bupleuri polysaccharide，ZRBP）；并通过HPLC、FT-IR、单糖组成分析、甲基化实验、刚果红实验、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope，SEM）、热重分析（thermogravimetric analysis，TGA）对ZRBP的理化特性进行研究；通过α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制实验及HepG2-IR模型对ZRBP降血糖潜力进行评价。结果 ZRBP的平均相对分子质量为1.52×10⁶，糖质量分数为（95.87±0.26）%；主要单糖组成为甘露糖∶鼠李糖∶半乳糖醛酸∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖∶阿拉伯糖（3.43∶1.37∶1.62∶79.77∶7.90∶4.97）；其骨架结构主要由→5)-Araf-(1→、→4)-Glcp-(1→、→6)-Manp-(1→、→6)-Galp-(1→和→3)-Rhap-(1→组成；可能有螺旋结构，表观形貌呈多网孔片状，热稳定性良好。ZRBP对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶均有抑制作用，抑制效果与质量浓度成正相关，半数抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration，IC₅₀）分别为19.825、1.064 mg/mL；当ZRBP质量浓度达到75 μg/mL时，对HepG2-IR模型的胰岛素抵抗具有显著的改善作用（P＜0.05），且改善效果显著优于其他浓度（P＜0.05）。结论 ZRBP具有降血糖活性开发的潜力，为卓尼柴胡及其多糖资源的开发利用提供参考和研究基础。

Objective To explore the physicochemical properties and hypoglycemic potential of Zhuoni Radix Bupleuri polysaccharide (ZRBP), providing a research foundation and theoretical support for the in-depth development and utilization of Zhuoni Radix Bupleuri. Methods Crude Zhuoni Radix Bupleuri polysaccharide (C-ZRBP) was obtained via water extraction, alcohol precipitation, and protein removal using the Sevag method. ZRBP was isolated via Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The physicochemical properties of ZRBP were analyzed using HPLC, FT-IR, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis, Congo red assay, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The hypoglycemic potential was evaluated through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, as well as an insulin-resistant HepG2 (HepG2-IR) cell model experiment. Results The average molecular weight of ZRBP is 1.52×10⁶, with a carbohydrate content of (95.87 ±0.26)%. Its monosaccharide composition ratio was determined as mannose-rhamnose-galacturonic acid-glucose-galactose-arabinose 3.43︰1.37︰1.62︰79.77︰7.90︰4.97. The backbone structure of ZRBP was mainly composed of →5)-Araf-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→, →6)-Manp-(1→, →6)-Galp-(1→, and →3)-Rhap-(1→. ZRBP exhibited a helical structure, a porous flake-like morphology, and good thermal stability. It inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 19.825 mg/mL and 1.064 mg/mL, respectively. At 75 μg/mL, ZRBP significantly ameliorated insulin resistance in the HepG2-IR model (P < 0.05), and the effect was significantly better than other concentrations (P < 0.05). Conclusion ZRBP demonstrates promising hypoglycemic activity and development potential, offering valuable insights and a foundational basis for the exploitation of Zhuoni Radix Bupleuri and its polysaccharide resources.

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甘肃凯源生物技术开发中心有限责任公司博士后项目（24KYBH001）；甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目（2023CYZC-23）；兰州市青年科技人才创新项目（2024-QN-192）