麦门冬汤出自《金匮要略》，具有益气养阴、清润肺胃之功效，仲景原为虚热肺痿之证所设，近现代多用于治疗肺癌、肺炎及肺脓肿等多种肺系疾病，尤其对肺癌疗效确切。通过对基础方证、临床研究及分子机制等方面总结麦门冬汤治疗肺癌的相关研究发现，麦门冬汤组方配伍上具有肺脾胃互资、培土生金、滋阴兼润燥、甘寒伍甘温等特点，主治肺胃阴虚诸疾，配伍严谨，用药精当，颇具特色。麦门冬汤临床上可联合分子靶向、化疗、放疗等肺癌常规西医治疗减少不良反应，提高患者治疗获益率和生活质量，并能防治肺癌相关并发症。麦门冬汤可通过调控肺癌细胞恶性生物学行为、逆转上皮-间质转化、降低肺癌侵袭性、调控非编码RNA、调节免疫紊乱、预防放射性损伤等机制发挥抗肺癌作用。此外，药理学研究还发现麦冬皂苷D、熊果酸、光甘草定、甘草查耳酮A等多种麦门冬汤抗肺癌活性成分，并均得到了体内外实验验证。通过归纳、总结麦门冬汤治疗肺癌的研究现状，针对目前研究提出不足与改进方向，以期为后续深入探索以及肺癌中西医结合治疗新模式提供思路和依据。

Maimendong Decoction (麦门冬汤), derived from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, possesses the effects of replenishing qi and nourishing yin, clearing heat, and moistening the lung and stomach. Originally formulated by Zhang Zhongjing for treating deficient heat lung flaccidity, it has been widely used in modern times for treating various lung-related diseases such as lung cancer, pneumonia, and lung abscess, with particularly definite efficacy in lung cancer. This paper sorts out Chinese and English literatures of the past 20 years and summarizes the relevant research on Maimendong Decoction in the treatment of lung cancer from three aspects: Basic formula syndrome, clinical research, and molecular mechanisms. It is found that Maimendong Decoction features mutual nourishment of the lung, spleen, and stomach (strengthening earth to generate metal), combining yin-nourishing and dryness-moistening effects, as well as integrating sweet-cold and sweet-warm herbs in its composition. It mainly treats syndromes of lung-stomach yin deficiency, with rigorous compatibility and precise medication. Clinical studies have shown that Maimendong Decoction can be combined with conventional western medicine treatments for lung cancer, such as molecular targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, to alleviate adverse reactions, improve patients’ treatment response rate and quality of life, and prevent and manage lung cancer-related complications, with definite efficacy, safety, and suitability for long-term use. Mechanistic studies have revealed that Maimendong Decoction exerts anti-lung cancer effects by regulating the malignant biological behavior of lung cancer cells, reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reducing lung cancer invasiveness, regulating non-coding RNAs, modulating immune disorders, and preventing radiation-induced injury, with clear molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, pharmacological studies have identified multiple anti-lung cancer active components in Maimendong Decoction, such as ophiopogonin D, ursolic acid, glabridin, and licorice chalcone A, which have been validated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Through literature induction, this paper comprehensively and elaborately expounds the research status of Maimendong Decoction in treating lung cancer, points out the deficiencies and improvements of current research, and aims to provide ideas and evidence for the subsequent in-depth exploration of this formula and the new model of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment for lung cancer.

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全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目(国中医药人教函[2022]75号);全国名中医传承工作室建设项目(国中医药人教函[2022]245号);中西医防治重大疾病河南省协同创新中心(教科技[2023]413号);河南中医药大学2024年度研究生科研创新能力提升计划(2024KYCX009);河南中医药大学2024年度研究生科研创新能力提升计划(2024KYCX013)