抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍，严重影响患者的生活质量和社会功能。中药因其多成分、多靶点的特性，逐渐受到科研界和临床医学的广泛关注。蛋白质组学作为一种高通量的生物学研究手段，为中药抗抑郁作用的研究提供了新的视角。通过对蛋白质组学在中药抗抑郁作用研究中的应用进行综述，分析相关文献，揭示了中药对抑郁症影响的分子机制及其在蛋白质水平上的变化。研究表明，中药及其成分能够调节与抑郁相关的多种蛋白质的表达，进而影响神经递质的平衡、炎症反应及神经可塑性等生物过程。进一步探讨了特定中药及其成分与抑郁症相关蛋白质之间的相互作用，为未来的临床应用和新药研发提供理论基础，并为深化对中药抗抑郁机制的理解提供支持。

Depression is a common mental disorder that seriously affects patients’ quality of life and social functioning. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gradually attracted extensive attention from the scientific research community and clinical medicine due to its multi-component and multi-target characteristics. As a high-throughput biological research method, proteomics provides a new perspective for the study of antidepressant effect of TCM. This article reviews the application progress of proteomics in the study of the antidepressant effect of TCM, and reveals the molecular mechanism of the effect of TCM on depression and its changes at the protein level through the analysis of relevant literature. Studies have shown that TCM and its components can regulate the expression of various proteins related to depression, which in turn affects biological processes such as neurotransmitter balance, inflammatory response, and neuroplasticity. This article explores the interactions between specific TCMs and their components and depression-related proteins, providing a theoretical basis for future clinical applications and new drug development, and offering support for deepening the understanding of antidepressant mechanism of TCM.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(82301725,82374153);中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助(2023M732155);山西省基础研究计划面上项目(202203021212028);山西省卫生健康委中医药科研项目(2023ZYYC2034,2024ZYYB054);山西省留学回国人员科技活动择优资助项目(20250047);山西医科大学省级博士基金项目(SD2216);山西医科大学校级博士启动基金项目(XD2102);山西医科大学第一医院青年项目(YQ2203);经方扶阳山西省重点实验室开放课题(CPSY202301)