目的 研究广藿香Pogostemon cablin的化学成分，并进行神经保护活性评价。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、C₁₈柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等多种方法进行分离纯化，并利用现代波谱技术和理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。采用皮质酮诱导损伤的PC12细胞为模型，评价广藿香成分的神经保护作用。结果 从广藿香75%甲醇提取物中分离得到18个化合物，分别鉴定为 (-)-3β,5β-dihydroxyl-5(6→7)abeo-sitostan-22-ene-6β-aldehyde（1）、podosterol（2）、豆甾-5,22-二烯- 3β,7α-二醇（3）、豆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇（4）、豆甾-4,22-二烯-3β,6α-二醇（5）、豆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇（6）、4′,7-二羟基-5-甲氧基黄酮（7）、5,4'-二羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮（8）、阿亚黄素（9）、5-羟基-3,7,4'-三甲氧基黄酮（10）、丁香醛（11）、3,4-二羟基苯乙酸甲酯（12）、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯（13）、原儿茶醛（14）、4-羟基苯甲（15）、伞形酮（16）、1,5-辛二烯-3-羟基-3-甲基-7-酮（17）、十六烷酸（18）。其中，化合物1、3、9、11、12能显著提高皮质酮损伤的PC12细胞的存活率。结论 从广藿香中分离鉴定了18个化合物，类型包括黄酮、甾体、芳香族类等，其中化合物1为新的甾体化合物，命名为22-去氢波多甾醇，化合物2～7、11～13、16～17为首次从广藿香中分离得到。且化合物1、3、9、11、12表现出一定的神经保护活性。

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Pogostemon cablin and evaluate their potential neuroprotective effects. Methods The methanolic extract of P. cablin were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel column chromatography, C₁₈ column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on comprehensive analysis of their physicochemical properties and modern spectroscopic data. Furthermore, a corticosterone-induced injured PC12 cell model was employed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the constituents. Results A total of 18 compounds were isolated from the 75% methanol extract of P. cablin and identified as (-)-3β,5β-dihydroxyl-5(6→7)abeo-sitostan-22-ene-6β-aldehyde (1), podosterol (2), stigmasta-5,22-diene-3β,7α-diol (3), 7α-hydroxysitosterol (4), stigmasta-4,22-diene-3β,6β-diol (5), stigmast-4-ene-3β,6β-diol (6), 4′,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavone (7), 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (8), 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7,3′-trimethoxyflavon (9), 5-hydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxyflavanone (10), syringaldehyde (11), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (12), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (13), protocatechuyl aldehyde (14), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (15), umbelliferone (16), 1,5-octadien-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-7-one (17), hexadecanoic acid (18). Among these, compounds 1, 3, 9, 11, and 12 significantly enhanced the survival rate of CORT-induced PC12 cells. Conclusion Eighteen compounds were obtained from patchouli, including flavonoids, steroids, aromatic compounds, and others. Notably, compound 1 was identified as a novel steroid, named 22-dehydropodosterol. Additionally, compounds 2—7, 11—13, and 16—17 were reported from P. cablin for the first time. Among all isolated compounds 1, 3, 9, 11, and 12 demonstrated notable neuroprotective activity.

R284.1

国家自然科学基金项目(81903779);四川省自然科学基金资助项目(2022NSFC1577);四川省中医药科技产业创新团队(2022C001)