西洋参作为常用的中药材，亦是药食同源物质，对其历史背景和分类的探讨有助于深化对其本草考证的理解。结合古代文献与现代研究，在梳理其本草考证中的分类与品种的基础上，系统总结了西洋参的主要活性成分及其在免疫调节、抗氧化和抗炎等方面的药理学研究进展，揭示了其在现代医学中防治疾病的应用潜力。同时，展望了西洋参的研究前景，为其临床应用及其在治未病领域的研究奠定基础，也为推广其创新应用提供了新思路。

Xiyangshen (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix), as a commonly used Chinese medicinal material, is also a food homologous to medicine and food. The discussion of its historical background and classification will help deepen the understanding of its herbal textual research. Combined with ancient literature and modern research, on the basis of sorting out the classification and varieties in herbal textual research, the main active ingredients of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix and its pharmacological research progress in immune regulation, antioxidation and anti-inflammation were systematically reviewed, and its application potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases in modern medicine was revealed. At the same time, the research prospect of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix was prospected, which laid the foundation for its clinical application and research in the field of preventive treatment, and also provided new ideas for the promotion of its innovative application.

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河南省自然科学基金资助项目（242300421295）；崔应民全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目（国中医药人教函[2022]75号）；河南省中医药科学研究重大专项课题（2022ZYZD20）；河南省中医药科学研究重点课题（2023ZY1031）；河南省中医药文化与管理研究项目（TCM2025041）