目的 测定川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong及其近缘药材金芎L. sinense cv. Jinxiong和抚芎L. sinense cv. Fuxiong中有害元素和无机营养元素的含量，评价其安全性、营养性和道地性。方法 建立微波消解-ICP/MS测定这3种药材中9种有害元素（Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu、Cr、Al、Li、Sn）和15种营养元素（K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Sr、B、Rb、Ni、V、Mo、Co、Se）含量的方法，并测定54份不同产地的样品，用正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA）和Pearson相关系数法分析不同品种、不同产地样品中元素之间的差异及相关性。结果 这些药材中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu、Cr、Al、Li、Sn的质量分数分别为0.36～2.82、0.05～1.22、0.01～1.08、0.000 2～0.28、4.22～16.49、0.04～15.43、25.99～1 863.75、0.13～2.15、0.03～1.97 mg/kg。川芎中Pb、As、Cr、Al含量最低，金芎中Cd、Hg、Cu、Li含量最低，抚芎中Sn含量最低。这些药材均含这15种营养元素，川芎中Ca（3.96 g/kg）、Mg、Na含量最高，金芎中Rb （36.62 mg/kg）、Sr和Mo含量最高，抚芎中Fe（1.05 g/kg）、Mn、Zn等元素的含量最高。这9种有害元素和15种营养元素与这3种药材品种和川芎5个产地之间具有相关性。这24种元素中有77对元素之间为正相关，33对元素之间为负相关。结论 建立的ICP/MS法能准确测定这3种药材中这24种元素的含量。有部分样品中的有害元素含量超过相关标准。这些元素的含量与药材品种及产地有关，有些元素之间具有显著的相关性。

Objective To determine the contents of harmful elements and inorganic nutrient elements in Ligusticum chuanxiong, its close relative L. sinense cv. Jinxiong, and L. sinense cv. Fuxiong, evaluate their safety, nutrition and regionality. Methods A method combining microwave digestion and ICP/MS was developed to quantify the levels of nine harmful elements (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Cr, Al, Li, Sn) and 15 nutritional elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sr, B, Rb, Ni, V, Mo, Co, Se) in these herbs. A total of 54 herbal samples was collected from different cultivation areas and quantified. Differences and correlations in elemental contents among various species and cultivation areas were analyzed using orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and Pearson correlation coefficient methods. Results The contents of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Cr, Al, Li and Sn in these herbs were in the ranges of 0.36—2.82, 0.05—1.22, 0.01—1.08, 0.000 2—0.28, 4.22—16.49, 0.04—15.43, 25.99—1 863.75, 0.13—2.15 and 0.03—1.97 mg/kg, respectively. L. chuanxiong exhibited the lowest levels of Pb, As, Cr and Al in the three herbs, L. sinense cv. Jinxiong had the lowest amounts of Cd, Hg, Cu and Li, whilst L. sinense cv. Fuxiong showed the lowest level of Sn. All 15 nutritional elements were found in these herbs. L. chuanxiong contained the highest amounts of Ca (3.96 g/kg), Mg and Na, L. sinense cv. Jinxiong had the highest levels of Rb (36.62 mg/kg), Sr and Mo, while L. sinense cv. Fuxiong showed the highest amounts of Fe (1.05 g/kg), Mn and Zn. The nine heavy metals and harmful elements and 15 nutritional elements demonstrated correlations with these species and the five cultivation areas of L. chuanxiong. Among the 24 elements, 77 pairs showed positive correlations and 33 pairs showed negative correlations. Conclusion The developed ICP/MS method was accurate to quantify the levels of the 24 elements in these herbs. Some samples exceeded regulatory limits for heavy metals and harmful elements. The contents of these elements were linked to herb species and cultivation areas, with significant correlations observed between certain elements.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金面上项目（81773896）