目的 利用UPLC-QTOF-MS技术分析铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale花的主要化学成分，建立铁皮石斛花HPLC指纹图谱和特征性成分的HPLC含量测定方法，并结合化学模式识别对各铁皮石斛花样品进行质量评价。方法 基于UPLC-QTOF-MS技术，对铁皮石斛花进行化学成分分析。建立不同产地的铁皮石斛花HPLC指纹图谱，结合指纹图谱相似度评价和聚类分析方法，对石斛花样品进行产地和品种鉴别。建立铁皮石斛花多种特征性成分的HPLC含量测定方法，并对不同产地的铁皮石斛花进行含量测定和质量评价。结果 通过UPLC-QTOF-MS结果共解析得到60个化合物，苯丙素类及黄酮类成分为其中主要成分类型；建立了具有20个共有峰且符合方法学要求的铁皮石斛花HPLC指纹图谱，23批铁皮石斛花样品相似度均不低于0.90；指纹图谱分析结果显示咖啡酸葡萄糖苷、维采宁-2、维采宁-1是铁皮石斛花的特征性成分；建立了其中5种特征性成分的含量测定方法。结果 显示23个批次的铁皮石斛花咖啡酸葡萄糖苷质量分数为0.201～1.176 mg/g，维采宁-2质量分数为0.483～2.131 mg/g，维采宁-1质量分数为0.402～1.435 mg/g，芦丁质量分数为1.269～4.822 mg/g，异槲皮苷质量分数为0.290～1.244 mg/g。结论 基于成分分析结果建立的铁皮石斛花HPLC指纹图谱及多成分含量测定方法专属性强、稳定、重复性好，为完善其质量标准、资源开发和利用提供科学依据。

Objective To analyze the main constituents of Dendrobium officinale flowers by UPLC-QTOF-MS and establish the fingerprint and characteristic components content determination method of D. officinale flowers, combined with chemical pattern recognition for the quality evaluation of D. officinale flowers samples. Methods The chemical constituents of D. officinale flowers were systematically analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS. Subsequently, HPLC fingerprint chromatograms were established for D. officinale flowers of diverse origins. Through comprehensive similarity evaluation of the chromatographic fingerprints and cluster analysis, the geographical origins and varietal characteristics of the D. officinale flower samples were accurately identified. Furthermore, quantitative determination methods were developed for multiple characteristic components in D. officinale flowers, enabling precise content determination and quality assessment across different origins. Results A total of 60 distinct compounds were successfully identified via UPLC-QTOF-MS and predominantly classified as phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. A standardized HPLC fingerprint chromatogram was established, featuring 20 common characteristic peaks that met rigorous methodological validation criteria. The similarity indices for 23 batches of D. officinale flower samples consistently exceeded 0.90. Characteristic components, such as 1-O-caffeoylglucose, vicenin-2, vicenin-1, were revealed from fingerprint chromatogram analysis. Quantitative methods were validated for five characteristic components, demonstrating the following concentration ranges: 1-O-caffeoylglucose (0.201—1.176 mg/g), vicenin-2 (0.483—2.131 mg/g), vicenin-1 (0.402—1.435 mg/g), rutin (1.269—4.822 mg/g), and isoquercitrin (0.290—1.244 mg/g). Conclusion The HPLC fingerprint pattern and multi-component content determination method for D. officinale flowers established based on component analysis results have strong specificity, stability, and reproducibility. These findings provide a robust scientific foundation for enhancing quality standards and facilitating comprehensive resource development and utilization of D. officinale flowers.

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