目的 基于对茅苍术Atractylodes lancea生长发育的分子机制研究中发现茅苍术叶和根茎的初生代谢和次生代谢差异主要是基因的差异表达引起的，探索作为基因表达的调节因子miRNA在这一过程中的调控机制，为从miRNA-mRNA角度研究茅苍术生长发育代谢奠定基础。方法 采用small RNA测序技术对茅苍术根茎和叶分别进行测序及分析，结合mRNA数据库用生物信息学的方法分析其组学特征，进一步挖掘调控萜类合成酶基因的关键miRNA。结果 鉴定出280个已知miRNAs和85个新miRNAs（novel miRNAs），归属于59个miRNA家族；同时获得54个差异表达miRNAs，预测到10 901个靶基因，KEGG富集分析差异表达miRNAs靶基因功能主要富集在淀粉和蔗糖代谢、萜类骨架生物合成、RNA降解、苯丙烷代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖的代谢等通路。结论 分析了茅苍术叶和根茎的miRNA及其潜在的靶基因，关联转录组分析调控茅苍术萜类生物合成和初生代谢相关的miRNA及其靶基因，获得16个影响萜类合成miRNA和21个调控淀粉和蔗糖代谢的miRNA。为从miRNA角度研究茅苍术萜类成分生物合成的分子调控机制提供依据，也为进一步从基因组水平上利用基因工程手段改良植物提供基础。

Objective Based on the molecular mechanism study of the growth and development of Atractylodes lancea, it was found that the differences in primary and secondary metabolism between the leaves and rhizomes were mainly caused by differential gene expression. This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of miRNA in this process and lay the foundation for studying the growth, development, and metabolism of A. lancea from the miRNA-mRNA perspective. Methods Sequencing and analysis of the rhizome and leaves in A. lancea were conducted using small RNA sequencing technology, and combining mRNA databases with bioinformatics methods to analyze their genomic characteristics, further exploring key miRNAs that regulate terpenoid synthase genes. Results A total of 280 known miRNAs and 85 novel miRNAs were identified, belonging to 59 miRNA families. At the same time, a total of 54 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained, and 10 901 target genes were predicted. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the target gene functions of differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis, RNA degradation, phenylalanine metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Conclusion This study analyzed the miRNAs and potential target genes in the leaves and rhizomes, and explored the miRNAs and target genes that regulate terpenoid synthesis and primary metabolism associated transcriptome database. A total of 16 miRNAs that affect terpenoid synthesis and 21 miRNAs that regulate starch and sucrose metabolism were obtained. This provides a basis for studying the molecular regulatory mechanisms of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. lancea from the perspective of miRNA, and also lays the foundation for further utilizing genetic engineering methods at the genome level to improve plants in the future.

R286.12

湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目（B2023081）