目的 通过数据挖掘技术分析市售人参保健食品的组方规律，同时运用网络药理学技术探讨人参发挥保健功能的活性成分作用机制。方法 在国家市场监督管理总局特殊食品信息查询平台及药智网收集截至2024年12月31日的人参相关保健食品信息，通过频数统计、聚类分析、关联规则等方法分析保健食品的组方规律。中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台（TCMSP）等数据库检索人参相关活性成分，运用Swiss Target Prediction预测潜在靶点，GeneCards等数据库检索主要保健功能相关的疾病靶点，运用Uniprot数据库规范靶基因名称，借助Venny、String数据库筛选出关键靶点。然后进行蛋白质相互作用网络分析，根据度值筛选出核心靶点，并在David数据库进行基因本体（gene ontology，GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）通路富集分析。结果 符合筛选条件的人参保健食品一共纳入951种，涉及非中药原料140种，中药原料137种，其中以补虚药为主，大致可以分为补气、补血、补阴、补阳；药性以温、平为主，药味以甘为主；归肾、肝、脾、肺、心经；剂型以胶囊剂最常见，排名前2的保健功能为缓解体力疲劳和增强免疫力。人参缓解体力疲劳关键靶点292个、核心靶点10个；增强免疫力关键靶点535个、核心靶点10个。人参通过磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶（phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase，PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B，Akt）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）等信号通路发挥缓解体力疲劳和增强免疫力的作用。结论 通过数据挖掘及网络药理学技术得到人参保健食品的组方规律，并初步探索了其发挥缓解体力疲劳和增强免疫力的潜在靶点和通路，为后续人参产品的开发提供思路和参考价值。

Objective To analyze the formulation principles of Renshen (Panax ginseng) health food products in the market using data mining techniques and elucidate the mechanisms underlying P. ginseng’s health-promoting functions through network pharmacology. Methods P. ginseng health food information was collected from the Special Food Information Query Platform of State Administration for Market Regulation and Yaozhi.com up to December 31, 2024. Formulation principles were analyzed via frequency statistics, cluster analysis, and association rules. P. ginseng -related active ingredients were retrieved from TCMSP database, etc. and potential targets were predicted using using Swiss Target Prediction respectively. Disease targets related to primary health functions were searched in GeneCards database, etc. Target gene names were standardized using Uniprot database, and the key targets were screened via Venny and String databases. Core targets were visualized via protein interaction network analysis depending on the degree value. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway were performed using David database. Results A total of 951 P. ginseng health food products were included. Non-herbal ingredients (140) and herbal ingredients (137) were identified. Among them, tonifying deficiency drugs are the main ones, which can be roughly divided into qi-tonifying, blood-tonifying, yin-tonifying and yang-tonifying. The nature of the drugs is mainly warm and mild, and the taste is mainly sweet. Meanwhile, the attributed meridians mostly belonged to the five viscera, including kidney, liver, spleen, lung, heart. Capsules were the most common dosage form, with fatigue relief and immunity enhancement as the top two functions. P. ginseng had 292 key targets and 10 core targets for alleviating physical fatigue; it also had 535 key targets and 10 core targets for enhancing immunity. P. ginseng exerted the effects of alleviating physical fatigue and enhancing immunity through signal pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Conclusion The formulation principles of market-available P. ginseng health food products were obtained through data mining and network pharmacology techniques, and the potential targets and pathways for alleviating physical fatigue and enhancing immunity were preliminarily explored. These findings provide ideas and reference value for the subsequent development of P. ginseng health food products.

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