目的 研究黔产硬毛夏枯草Prunella vulgaris subsp. hispida的化学成分及抗神经炎活性。方法 利用多种色谱手段（硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、反相ODS C₁₈柱色谱与HPLC）进行提取分离化学成分，并采用现代波谱学（紫外、红外、高分辨质谱、核磁、电子圆二色谱等）技术对分离到单体化合物的结构进行鉴定。采用Griess法测试脂多糖诱导小鼠小胶质细胞（BV-2细胞）释放炎症因子模型，对化合物进行抗炎神经活性评价。结果 从黔产硬毛夏枯草95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定出16个化合物，分别为tetrandrine A（1）、薄荷醇B（2）、水杨酸（3）、咖啡酸（4）、布拉克坦内酯A（5）、咖啡酸乙酯（6）、原儿茶醛（7）、对羟基肉桂酸（8）、(3-羟基-4-(4-(2-羟乙基)苯氧基)-苯甲醛（9）、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯（10）、3,4-(3',4'-二羟基苯基)呋喃-2(5H)-酮（11）、3-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乳酸乙酯（12）、酪醇（13）、科鲁乔醇C（14）、迷迭香酸甲酯（15）、迷迭香酸乙酯（16）。抗神经炎实验结果显示，化合物1、2、4～6、8、9、12和15均表现出抗神经炎活性，其中化合物1、2、6、8和15对LPS刺激的BV-2细胞NO的生成有显著抑制作用，其半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration，IC₅₀）为3.48～9.22μmol/L。结论 化合物1为新的松香烷型二萜，命名为tetrandrine A。化合物1～16均为首次从硬毛夏枯草中分离得到，且有9个化合物表现出良好的抗神经炎活性。

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Prunella vulgaris subsp. hispida from Guizhou and their anti-neuroin flammatory activities. Methods The chemical components of 95% ethanol extract of P. vulgaris subsp. hispida was extracted and separated by means of silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, reversed-phase ODS C₁₈ column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) methods. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells by Griess method . Results A total of 16 compounds were isolated from P. vulgaris subsp. hispida and identified as tetrandrine A (1), menthol B (2), salicylic acid (3), caffeic acid (4), bracteanolide A (5), ethyl caffeate (6), protocatechualdehyde (7), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (8), 3-hydroxy-4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy)-benzaldehyde (9), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (10), 3,4-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one (11), ethyl lactate 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) (12), tyrosol (13), corchoionol C (14), methyl rosmarinate (15), and ethyl rosmarinate (16). The anti-neuroinflammatory activities showed that Compounds 1, 2, 4—6, 8, 9, 12 and 15 showed anti-neuritis activity, among compounds 1, 2, 6, 8 and 15 significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediator NO, with median inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) values ranging from 3.48 to 9.22 μmol/L. Conclusion Compound 1 was a novel abietane diterpenoid, named tetrandrine A. The compounds (1—16) were obtained from this plant for the first time. Moreover, nine of the compounds exhibited obvious inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production of the LPS-induced BV-2 cells.

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国家自然科学基金项目（32160102)；国家自然科学基金项目（32460112)；贵州省中医药管理局中医药、民族医药科学技术课题研究资助（QZYY-2025-064）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合基础MS(2025)122）；博士启动经费资助（天产自J字[2025]8号）