目的 基于代谢组学技术和肠道菌群分析，探讨猴头菌提取物颗粒（Hedgehog Fungus extract Granules，HFEG）治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎（chronic atrophic gastritis，CAG）的作用及其机制。方法 采用联合造模法制备CAG模型，给予HFEG干预4周后，评估其对大鼠体质量、胃组织病理、胃液酸度、胃黏膜组织中超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（succinate dehydrogenase，SDH）活性及丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）、一氧化氮（nitrogen monoxide，NO）、丙酮酸含量的改善作用；采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS开展血清代谢组学研究，利用16S rRNA技术分析肠道菌群结构及筛选差异性菌群，并结合Spearman进行代谢组学与肠道菌群之间的关联分析。结果 HFEG显著升高CAG大鼠的体质量（P＜0.05、0.01），改善胃组织病理变化，降低胃液pH值及胃黏膜组织中MDA、NO水平（P＜0.05、0.01），升高SOD、SDH活性和丙酮酸水平（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）。16S rRNA测序结果显示，HFEG显著提高CAG大鼠的瘤胃球菌属Ruminococcus和联合乳杆菌属Ligilactobacillus相对丰度。代谢组学共筛选出35个差异代谢物，代谢通路显示HFEG可调控苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成，苯丙氨酸代谢，色氨酸代谢等通路。结论 HFEG可能通过调控氨基酸、脂质及能量等代谢物，并调控γ-变形菌纲、啮齿杆菌属、联合乳杆菌属、巴斯德氏菌科等菌群的丰度，从而治疗CAG。

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Hedgehog Fungus Extract Granules (猴头菌提取物颗粒, HFEG) in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) using metabolomics technology and gut microbiota analysis. Methods A combined modeling method was used to prepare a CAG model. After four weeks of intervention with HFEG, effect of HFEG on body weight, gastric tissue pathology, gastric juice acidity, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), pyruvate in gastric mucosal tissue were evaluated; UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used for serum metabolomics research, and 16S rRNA technology was used to analyze the structure of gut microbiota and screen for differential microbiota. Spearman was also used for correlation analysis between metabolomics and gut microbiota. Results HFEG significantly increased the body weight of CAG rats (P < 0.05, 0.01), improved the pathological changes of gastric tissue, reduced the pH value of gastric juice and the levels of MDA and NO in gastric mucosal tissue (P < 0.05, 0.01), and increased the activities of SOD, SDH and level of pyruvate (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001). The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that HFEG significantly increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Ligilactobacillus in CAG rats. Metabolomics identified a total of 35 differential metabolites, and metabolic pathways showed that HFEG could regulate the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as phenylalanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and other pathways. Conclusion HFEG may treat CAG by regulating metabolites such as amino acids, lipids and energy, as well as regulating the abundance of bacterial communities such as Gammaproteobacteria, Rodentibacter, Ligilactobacillus and Pasteurellaceae.

R285.5

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