随着全球人口老龄化的加剧，神经退行性疾病（neurodegenerative diseases，NDDs）的发病率逐年递增，已成为严重影响人类生活质量的公共卫生难题，因其发病机制的复杂性及神经退变的不可逆性，目前尚无有效治愈手段。近年来，随着小檗碱及其衍生物的药理研究不断深入，发现其具有抑制神经炎症、抗氧化应激、修复神经元损伤、维持血脑屏障稳定等作用，在NDDs防治方面显示出极大潜力。通过对2015—2025年涉及小檗碱及其衍生物治疗NDDs的研究文献进行归纳，系统总结了小檗碱及其衍生物对阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化、肌萎缩性侧索硬化的干预机制及应用，为小檗碱及其衍生物用于神经系统疾病提供参考。

With the aggravation of global population aging, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) has been increasing year by year, and has become a public health problem that seriously affects the quality of life of human beings. Due to the complexity of its pathogenesis and the irreversibility of its neurodegeneration, there is no effective cure for it yet. In recent years, as the pharmacological studies of berberine and its derivatives have been deepened, it has been found to have multiple effects such as inhibiting neuroinflammation, anti-oxidative stress, repairing neuronal damage, and maintaining the stability of the blood-brain barrier, which shows great potential in prevention and treatment of NDDs. Based on this, this paper systematically summarizes the intervention mechanism and application of berberine and its derivatives in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by summarizing the research literature involving berberine and its derivatives in treatment of NDDs from 2015 to 2025, with a view to providing references to berberine and its derivatives in their application to neurological diseases.

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国家重点研发计划资助项目（2022YFC3501103）；2024年河南省科技攻关项目（242102311277）；2023年度河南省“双一流”创建学科中医学科研专项课题（HSRP-DFCTCM-2023-2-18）；河南省中医药传承与创新人才工程（仲景工程）中医药学科领军人才（豫卫中医函[2020]8号）