巴利森类物质是天麻Gastrodiae Rhizoma的主要有效成分，属于多酚类或多酚苷类的柠檬酸酯化合物，具有保护神经、改善记忆、保护心肌、抗衰老、抗炎、抗肿瘤等药理作用。随着化学分离、分析手段的不断创新，现代科学技术与药理学方法应用于天麻中巴利森类物质的研究，目前已有39种巴利森类化学成分被相继发现并深入研究。巴利森类化合物的化学结构中含有酯键和糖苷键，化学性质不稳定，容易受温度、pH值、酶和辅料等因素影响，在体内、外均可被分解为天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇等小分子成分。巴利森类物质和天麻素均是天麻的活性成分，具有密切的内在联系。基于巴利森类化合物的化学特殊性、药效的独特性，通过查阅国内外文献，对天麻中巴利森类物质的化学结构、药理作用、体内外代谢相关研究进行总结，为巴利森类物质开发应用研究及挖掘天麻药用和食用价值提供较为全面的文献支撑。

Parishins compounds are the primary active constituents in Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), belonging to citric acid ester compounds of polyphenols or polyphenol glycosides. They exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, memory enhancement, myocardial protection, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. The continuous innovation of separation and analytical techniques, as well as the application of modern scientific technologies and pharmacological methods are used for the chemical and pharmacological research of parishins in Gastrodiae Rhizoma. 39 kinds of parishins chemical compounds have been discovered and deeply studied to date. Due to their inherent chemical structural characteristics (containing ester and glycosidic bonds), parishins substances are chemically unstable and susceptible to degradation influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, enzymes, and excipients. They can be decomposed into smaller molecules such as gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol both in vivo and in vitro. Both parishins and gastrodin are the primary active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, sharing a close intrinsic relationship. This article reviews domestic and international literature on parishins substances in Gastrodiae Rhizoma, summarizing their chemical structures, pharmacological effects, and research progress on their metabolism in vivo and in vitro. The aim is to provide comprehensive literature support for the study of parishin-like substances and to explore the medicinal and edible value of Gastrodiae Rhizoma.

R285

湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项（2020ZYYD030）