[关键词]
[摘要]
空间代谢组学作为代谢组学领域的前沿技术,通过整合质谱成像与代谢组学分析,打破了传统代谢组学无法保留组织空间信息的局限性,实现了代谢物空间分布特征的原位可视化,为解析中药成分的动态分布规律及代谢通路提供了技术支撑。通过概述空间代谢组学在中药药理毒理机制研究中的相关应用,以揭示该技术在中药研究领域的应用潜力。基于基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像、解吸电喷雾电离质谱成像等质谱成像技术,直观展现出中药成分在靶器官中的分布特征及其代谢调控途径,阐释中药在治疗肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、肝病及其他炎症相关疾病中的药理作用机制;利用质谱成像技术对中药毒性成分进行空间定位,并动态监测中药炮制减毒的代谢网络,为中药安全性评价提供了新维度。尽管面临样品制备复杂、绝对定量困难等局限性,空间代谢组学与人工智能、多模态组学技术的深度融合,将推动中药研究从“宏观整体”向“精准时空”转变,推动中医药现代化。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Spatial metabolomics, as a cutting-edge technology in the field of metabolomics, breaks the limitation of traditional metabolomics that cannot obtain spatial information of tissues by integrating mass spectrometry imaging and metabolomics analysis, and realises the in situ visualization of the spatial distribution characteristics of metabolites, which provides technological support for analyzing the dynamic distribution and metabolic pathways of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) components. By outlining the relevant applications of spatial metabolomics in the study of pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of TCM, in order to reveal the potential application of this technology in the field of TCM research. Based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging, desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging and other mass spectrometry imaging technologies, the distribution characteristics and metabolic pathways of TCM components in target organs are visually presented, and the pharmacological mechanisms of TCM in treatment of tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver diseases and inflammation related diseases are elucidated. The use of mass spectrometry imaging technology for spatial localization of toxic components in TCM and dynamic monitoring of the metabolic network for reducing toxicity in TCM processing provides new perspectives for the safety evaluation of TCM. Despite the limitations of complex sample preparation and absolute quantification, the deep integration of spatial metabolomics, artificial intelligence and multimodal omics technology will promote the transformation of TCM research from “macro integration” to “precise time and space”, and promote the modernization of TCM.
[中图分类号]
R285
[基金项目]
国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目(zyyzdxk-2023121);山东省中医药高层次人才培育项目-学科带头人(2023);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB2024TIAD-LCX0001)