芍药苷是一种源于芍药Paeonia lactiflora和牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa的水溶性单萜糖苷，其药理功能广泛，特别是在抗氧化方面呈现较为突出的生物活性。研究表明，芍药苷对神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、肝肾疾病、消化系统疾病和糖尿病疗效显著，其作用机制与抗氧化应激密切相关。芍药苷的抗氧化应激机制包括降低活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）和活性氮（reactive nitrogen species，RNS）水平；改善线粒体功能障碍，激活谷胱甘肽（glutathione，GSH）系统、核因子E2相关因子1（nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1，Nrf1）、Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1（Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1，Keap1）/Nrf2/血红素氧合酶1（heme oxygenase-1，HO-1）/NAD(P)H:醌氧化还原酶1 [NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1，NQO1]、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase，PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B，AKT）/糖原合成酶激酶3β（glycogen synthase kinase 3β，GSK3β）途径和自噬；抑制缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia-inducible factor-1α，HIF-1α）途径、铁死亡、凋亡和焦亡，调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase，MAPK）途径；双重调节细胞外信号调节激酶（extracellular signal-regulated kinase，ERK）途径；抑制c-Jun氨基末端激酶（c-Jun N-terminal kinase，JNK）和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase，P38MAPK）途径。其中，Nrf2途径是芍药苷抗氧化应激的关键途径，各途径之间相互协同发挥抗氧化应激作用。

Paeoniflorin is a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia suffruticosa. It possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects, with particularly strong activity in the field of antioxidant properties. Extensive studies have demonstrated that paeoniflorin exhibits significant therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic and renal diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and diabetes. Its mechanisms of action are closely related to the alleviation of oxidative stress. This review, based on existing studies, elucidates that the antioxidant mechanisms of paeoniflorin involve the following aspects: reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), improving mitochondrial dysfunction; activating the glutathione (GSH) system, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (Nrf1) pathway, the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) pathway, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway, and autophagy; inhibiting the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathway, ferroptosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis and modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, dual regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathways. Among these mechanisms, the Nrf2 pathway is a key pathway for the antioxidant effects of paeoniflorin. Moreover, these pathways also interact with each other to collectively play a role in antioxidant stress.

R285

四川省自然科学基金项目（2022NSFSC1349）