目的 研究移栽和仿野生种植模式下土壤理化性质、根际微生物及对黄芪活性成分的影响，阐明种植模式对黄芪品质的影响。方法 采用高通量测序技术分析甘肃2年生育苗移栽黄芪、2年生和3年生仿野生黄芪根际土壤微生物群落结构。采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芪中4个黄酮类成分和4个皂苷类成分，紫外分光光度法检测总黄酮、总皂苷和总多糖含量。采用常规方法测定黄芪土壤理化性质。采用多变量相关分析，考察根际细菌和真菌、土壤性质及黄芪活性成分之间的相关性。结果 育苗移栽黄芪土壤有机质、全氮、氨氮、总磷、速效钾、有效硼含量显著高于仿野生黄芪。育苗移栽黄芪根际细菌和真菌菌落丰富性指标Sobs和Chao1显著高于仿野生黄芪，细菌菌落的多样性指标Shannon显著高于仿野生黄芪。维什尼亚科齐马菌属Vishniacozyma是育苗移栽黄芪根际真菌菌落的优势菌属，菌镰孢属Fusarium是仿野生黄芪根际真菌菌落的优势菌属。育苗移栽黄芪芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮和总多糖含量显著高于仿野生黄芪。相关性分析显示黄芪中总黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花苷、芒柄花素、黄芪皂苷I、黄芪甲苷、总多糖与土壤理化因子较为相关。土壤氨氮、有机质、全氮、总磷、有效硅、有效磷、有效钾、有效硼和锰是影响不同种植模式黄芪根系细菌和真菌群落结构和多样性的主要影响因素。细菌菌落Sobs、Chao1和Shannon与芒柄花素呈显著正相关，Sobs和Chao1与总黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮呈显著正相关，真菌菌落Chao1与毛蕊异黄酮苷呈显著负相关。结论 黄芪活性成分受土壤理化因子和根际微生物群落的综合影响，通过分析土壤-微生物-药用植物相互作用机制，可为提高不同种植模式下黄芪产量和质量提供科学依据。

Objective Seedling transplantation and wild-simulated planting are the two primary cropping modes for Huangqi (Astragali Radix). To elucidate the effects of planting methods on the quality of Astragali Radix, this study analyzed the soil physicochemical properties, the rhizosphere microbial communities, and the bioactive ingredients of Astragali Radix under different planting modes. Methods High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of 2-year-old transplanted Astragali Radix (TA) and 2-year-old and 3-year-old wild-simulated Astragali Radix (WA) from Gansu. High-performance liquid chromatography was utilized to determine the contents of four flavonoid compounds and four saponin compounds. Total flavonoid, total saponin, and total polysaccharide contents were measured using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Conventional methods were applied to assess the soil physicochemical properties. The correlation among root-associated bacteria and fungi, soil properties, and eleven main bioactive ingredients were examined using multivariate correlation analysis. Results The soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH⁴⁺-N), total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (AK), and available boron (AB) contents were significantly higher in TA compared to WA. The richness indices (Sobs and Chao1) of the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of TA were significantly higher than those of WA, and the diversity index (Shannon) of the bacterial communities was also significantly higher. The genus Vishniacozyma was identified as the dominant fungal colony in the rhizosphere of TA, while the genus Fusarium was dominant of WA. The contents of formononetin, calycosin, and total polysaccharides in TA were significantly higher than those in WA. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of total flavonoid, calycosin, ononin, formononetin, astragaloside I, astragaloside IV and total polysaccharides were correlated with soil physicochemical factors. Soil NH⁴⁺-N, SOM, TN, TP, AS, AP, AK, AB, and manganese (Mn) were the main factors that affected the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere under different planting patterns. The bacterial community Sobs, Chao1, and Shannon were significantly positively correlated with formononetin, and both Sobs and Chao1 were significantly positively correlated with total flavonoids. The fungal community Chao1, was significantly negatively correlated with calycosin-7-glucoside. Conclusion The active components of Astragali Radix are influenced by a combination of soil physicochemical factors and the rhizosphere microbial community. By analyzing the mechanism of interaction between soil, microbes and medicinal plants, it is possible to provide a scientific basis for improving the yield and quality of Astragali Radix under different planting patterns.

R286.2

国家重点研发计划（2020YFC1712700）