目的 研究大麦苗Hordeum vulgare的化学成分及降糖活性。方法 采用硅胶、大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶、ODS、半制备HPLC等色谱方法进行分离纯化，根据理化性质及ESI-MS、NMR等现代谱学技术进行化合物结构鉴定。通过α-淀粉酶抑制实验评价化合物降糖活性。结果 从大麦苗地上部分80%乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物，分别鉴定为6,8,4'-三羟基黄酮-7-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）、3-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-xanthone（2）、luteolin 7-O-β-glucoside-3'-methyl ether（3）、芒柄花黄素（4）、柑橘查耳酮（5）、苯丙氨酸（6）、(7E)-9-hydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-on-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（7）、4'-glucosyl-6'''-sinapoylsaponarin（8）、曲克芦丁（9）、divarioside A（10）。化合物6和10降糖活性较好，抑制率分别为75.40%和68.70%。结论 化合物1为新的黄酮类化合物，命名为大麦苗苷A；化合物2～10均为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物6和10具有较好的α-淀粉酶抑制活性。

Objective To study the chemical constituents from Hordeum vulgare seedlings with their hypoglycemic activities. Methods Silica gel, microporous adsorption resin, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and semi-preparation HPLC were used for isolation and purification, then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and modern spectroscopic techniques such as ESI-MS and NMR. The hypoglycemic effects of compounds were examined by α-amylase inhibition test. Results A total of ten compounds were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of the aboveground part of H. vulgare seedlings, which were identified as 6,8,4'-trihydroxyflavone-7-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-xanthone (2), luteolin 7-O-β-glucoside-3'-methyl ether (3), formononetin (4), naringenin chalcone (5), phenylalanine (6), (7E)-9-hydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-on-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), 4'-glucosyl-6'''-sinapoylsaponarin (8), troxerutin (9), and divarioside A (10). Compounds 6 and 10 had good hypoglycemic activity, with inhibition rates of 75.40% and 68.70%, respectively. Conclusion Compound 1 is new flavonoid compound, named damaimiaoside A. Compounds 2—10 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 6 and 10 have good inhibitory activities of α-amylase.

R284.1

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82304659）；上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目（2017-02-08-00-08-F00074）