肥胖是一种以能量代谢紊乱为核心的复杂代谢性疾病，涉及糖脂代谢失衡、胰岛素抵抗、慢性低度炎症、氧化应激及肠道菌群紊乱等多重病理机制。葛根素作为豆科植物葛根提取物中的主要异黄酮类化合物，近年来因其显著的抗肥胖潜力而备受关注。现有研究表明，葛根素不仅能够有效调节脂质代谢，减少脂肪合成并促进脂肪酸氧化分解，还能改善糖代谢，增强胰岛素敏感性，缓解胰岛素抵抗。此外，葛根素还能够通过调节肠道菌群结构与下丘脑中食欲素分泌，改善脑-肠轴功能，进而减少脂肪的吸收与积累，并降低机体的慢性炎症和氧化应激水平。然而，尽管葛根素在体内外实验中展现出显著的抗肥胖作用，其具体的分子作用机制尚未完全明确。因此，通过系统整理近年来关于葛根素抗肥胖机制的研究进展，旨在深入探讨其潜在作用途径，为葛根素在肥胖防治领域的临床转化和药物开发提供重要理论依据与实践指导。

Obesity is a complex metabolic disease characterized by dysregulated energy metabolism, involving multiple pathological mechanisms such as imbalanced glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Puerarin, the primary isoflavone compound extracted from the leguminous plant Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its prominent anti-obesity potential. Current studies indicate that puerarin not only effectively regulates lipid metabolism, reduces fat synthesis and promotes fatty acid oxidation and decomposition but also improves glucose metabolism, enhances insulin sensitivity, and alleviates insulin resistance. Moreover, puerarin modulates gut microbiota structure and hypothalamic orexin secretion, improving brain-gut axis function, which subsequently reduces fat absorption and accumulation, and lowers chronic inflammation and oxidative stress levels. However, despite the significant anti-obesity effects observed in vivo and in vitro experiments, the specific molecular mechanisms of puerarin remain incompletely understood. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes recent research on anti-obesity mechanisms of puerarin, aiming to explore its potential pathways of action and provide an important theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the clinical translation and drug development of puerarin in obesity prevention and treatment.

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河南省中医药科学研究专项课题（20-21ZY2201）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（82104730）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2022M721065）