肠道菌群与人体健康密切相关，其失衡可引发多种疾病。肠道菌群作为“微生物器官”，是人体微生态的核心部分，通过代谢转化将药用成分转化为活性或非活性代谢产物，对药物代谢影响显著。中药治疗的整体观与现代微生态理论的人体与微生物共生观高度契合，同时中药成分复杂，可通过调节肠道菌群结构和功能，如增加有益菌丰度、抑制有害菌生长，重塑肠道微生态平衡，从而发挥治疗疾病的作用。目前在消化系统疾病、代谢性疾病、神经系统疾病等领域，中药-肠道菌群互作的研究均取得显著成果。通过对近年来中药在肠道菌群方面的研究进行综述，揭示“中药-肠道菌群”互作关系及“微生物-肠-靶器官相关轴”互动关系，为阐释中药作用机制提供了新视角，创新中药疗法提供参考。

Intestinal flora is closely related to human health, and its imbalance can cause a variety of diseases. As a “microbial organ”, intestinal flora is the core part of human microecology. It converts medicinal components into active or inactive metabolites through metabolic transformation, which has a significant effect on drug metabolism. The holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment is highly consistent with the symbiotic view of human body and microorganism in modern microecological theory. At the same time, the composition of TCM is complex. It can play a role in the treatment of diseases by regulating the structure and function of intestinal flora, such as increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, and reshaping the intestinal microecological balance. At present, the research on the interaction between TCM and intestinal flora has achieved remarkable results in the fields of digestive system diseases, metabolic diseases and nervous system diseases. In this paper, the research on intestinal flora of TCM in recent years is reviewed, and the interaction between “TCM-intestinal flora” and “microorganism-gut-target organ correlation axis” is revealed, which provides a new perspective for explaining the mechanism of TCM and provides a reference for innovating TCM therapy.

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成都大学2024年省级大学生创业训练计划项目（S202411079006X）；四川省抗病毒中药产业化工程技术研究中心课题（KF202406）；四川省药物制剂及装备工程技术研究中心开放课题（ERCPEF2405）；成都大学2025年省级大学生创新训练计划项目（S202511079102）