目的 筛选适宜黄芪生长、活性物质积累和土壤养分吸收的微生物菌肥。方法 对大田栽培黄芪施用6种微生物菌肥（T1～T6），以不施微生物菌肥为对照，测定生长期白粉病发病率以及收获期成药根生长特性、主要活性物质和土壤养分含量。结果 不同微生物菌肥对黄芪生长、活性物质积累和土壤养分吸收具有显著影响；其中，T5（溶磷菌）白粉病发病率最低（22.90%），T4（枯草芽孢杆菌）较有利于根产量形成，T3（链霉菌）较有利于多糖、总黄酮和总酚化合物的积累，4个黄酮类化合物（毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素）总含量以T6（溶磷、固氮菌）最高（744.36 μg/g）、4个皂苷类化合物（黄芪甲苷Ⅰ、黄芪甲苷Ⅱ、黄芪甲苷Ⅲ和黄芪甲苷Ⅳ）总含量以T1（产酶溶杆菌）最高（104.62 μg/g），T4处理1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl，DPPH）清除率最大（61.00%）、T6处理铁离子还原/氧化能力（ferric reducing/antioxidant power，FRAP）值最高（946.10 μmol/L）；综合质量评价值（D值）显示T4（0.74）、T3（0.64）和T6（0.58）较有利于黄芪综合质量形成。种植黄芪可导致土壤pH值和全盐量升高以及全钾含量降低，通过施用微生物菌肥和适量化肥，可在一定程度上缓解pH值和全盐量升高、提高土壤养分含量；其中，T6较有利于有机质、全氮和速效磷吸收，T4有利于全钾和碱解氮吸收，T3有利于全氮和碱解氮吸收。结论 施用微生物菌肥可显著促进黄芪质量形成和土壤养分吸收，其中T4（枯草芽孢杆菌）、T6（溶磷、固氮菌）和T3（链霉菌）较为显著，将为黄芪微生物菌肥研发和应用提供重要参考。

Objective To select suitable microbial fertilizers for plant growth, bioactive metabolite accumulation, and soil nutrient absorption of Astragalus mongholicus. Methods Six microbial fertilizers (T1—T6) were applied for the A. mongholicuson in the field with the un-applied fertilizer as the control (CK), the incidence of powdery mildew at growth stage, and the growth characteristic of roots, content of main bioactive metabolites as well as absorption of soil nutrients at harvest stage were determined.Results Different microbial fertilizers significantly affected growth characteristics, bioactive metabolite accumulation, and soil nutrient absorption of A. mongholicuson. The lowest incidence of powdery mildew (22.90%) under the T5 (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria), the root yield were improved under the T4 (Bacillus subtilis), and the contents of the polysaccharide, total flavonoids and phenolics were increased under the T3 (Streptomyces avidinii). The total content of four flavonoids compounds (calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, and formononetin) reached the highest level (744.36 μg/g) under the T6 (nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing compound microbial fertilizer), the total content of four saponins (astragaloside I, astragaloside Ⅱ, astragaloside Ⅲ, and astragaloside Ⅳ) reached the highest level (104.62 μg/g) under the T1 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). The highest DPPH scavenging activity (61.00%) and FRAP value (946.10 μmol Fe(II)/L) were shown under the T4 and T6, respectively. The comprehensive appraisal value (D) showed that comprehensive quality of A. mongholicuson could be formed under the T4 (0.74), T3 (0.64) and T6 (0.58). Planting A. mongholicuson could lead to the increase of pH level and total salt content as well as the decrease of total potassium content in the soil, the application of microbial fertilizers supplemented with appropriate amount chemical fertilizers could alleviate the increase of pH level and total salt content, increase the content of soil nutrients. The T6 was conducive to the absorption of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus; the T4 was conducive to the absorption of total potassium and alkaline nitrogen; and the T3 was conducive to the absorption of total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen. Conclusion The application of microbial fertilizers can significantly improve the quality formation of A. mongholicus and the absorption of soil nutrients, with the T4 (Bacillus subtilis), T6 (Nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing compound microbial fertilizer) and T3 (Streptomyces avidinii) showing the most significant improvement, these findings will provide important references for microbial fertilizers research and application of A. mongholicus.

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国家重点研发计划（2022YFC3501500）；干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目（GSCS-2022-Z04，GSCS-2024-13）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-21）；甘肃省科技重大专项（23ZDNK002）；甘肃省科技支撑项目（KJZC-2023-11）；甘肃省高校教师创新基金项目（2024A-051）；甘肃省高校青年博士支持项目（2025QB-046）