目的 阐明不同有机肥处理对暗紫贝母Fritillaria unibracteata出苗率、产量和核苷类活性成分的影响，并初步揭示其作用机制。方法 通过对三年生的暗紫贝母施加不同浓度的猪粪肥和鸡粪肥，比较有机肥添加对暗紫贝母出苗率、产量和品质的差异，并对其根际微生物进行高通量测序分析，解析不同施肥处理下暗紫贝母根际土壤微生物群落组成差异与品质和产量间的内在关系。结果 猪粪肥（1.35 kg/m²）和鸡粪肥（1.35 kg/m²）的施用显著改善了土壤酸化情况，增加了土壤中有效磷和总磷的含量，使暗紫贝母的出苗率分别提升至（95.06±4.58）%和（95.86±0.94）%，产量分别提升58.71%和20.07%，核苷类活性成分明显增加，如胞苷分别提升17.33%和19.56%、鸟苷分别提升140.09%和11.28%。微生物组学结果显示施加有机肥后不会影响川贝母根际微生物群落多样性，Pirellula、Pyrinomonas和Stenotrophobacter等有益微生物丰度显著提升；共线性网络分析证明施肥后川贝母根际微生物群落之间的模块化程度明显加强；鲁棒性分析表明鸡粪肥的施加使细菌和真菌群落结构更加稳定；冗余分析和结构方程建模表明有效磷含量与土壤微生物群落多样性、暗紫贝母产量和质量之间存在显著关联。结论 施加适度的猪粪肥和鸡粪肥能改善暗紫贝母土壤生长环境，优化土壤环境因子，并增强根际土壤微生物结构稳定性和紧密性，进而使暗紫贝母产量和品质得到显著提升。可为暗紫贝母的品质提升从营养调控角度提供新的策略，并为其规范化栽培奠定基础。

Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of different organic fertiliser treatments on seedling emergence rate, yield and nucleoside active compounds of Fritillaria unibracteata and to preliminarily elucidate their mechanism of action. Methods By applying different concentrations of pig manure and chicken manure to the three-year-old F. unibracteata, we compared the differences in seedling emergence rate, yield and quality of F. unibracteata by organic fertiliser additions, and carried out high-throughput sequencing analysis of its inter-root microorganisms to analyse the intrinsic relationship between differences in the composition of soil microbial communities in the inter-root of F. unibracteata and its quality and yield under different fertiliser application treatments. Results The application of pig manure (1.35 kg/m²) and chicken manure (1.35 kg/m²) significantly improved soil acidification, increased soil effective phosphorus and total phosphorus contents, and increased the seedling emergence rate of F. unibracteata to (95.06 ± 4.58)% and (95.86 ± 0.94)%, respectively, and the yield by 58.71% and 20.07%, respectively. There was a significant increase in nucleoside agents

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中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2024C003YN）；北京市自然科学基金资助项目（7254508）；国家重大新药创制科技重大专项（2019ZX09201005-006-001）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（ZXKT22061，ZZ18-YQ-036）