中医药作为中华民族的非物质文化遗产，已成为全球大健康治理体系的一环。针对传统中药吴茱萸中的主要生物碱类成分吴茱萸碱进行研究。吴茱萸碱（evodiamine，Evo）作为一种吲哚类生物碱，具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、止呕止痛、降压等多种药理学活性，在肝癌、卵巢癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、肾癌等多种癌症类型中均展现出显著的抗肿瘤活性。深入探究吴茱萸碱抗肿瘤药理作用的分子机制，是吴茱萸碱类抗肿瘤药物研究领域的重点之一。通过分析多项国内外研究报道，综述了吴茱萸碱通过促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、自噬、铁死亡，阻滞细胞周期、影响糖代谢、调节肿瘤免疫微环境等方式抗肿瘤的具体分子机制，同时还探讨了吴茱萸碱抗肿瘤的协同疗效以及临床应用的局限性，为吴茱萸碱类抗肿瘤药物的研发提供参考。

As an intangible cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been deeply integrated into the global healthcare governance system. This article focuses on the study of the main alkaloid component, evodiamine (Evo), in the traditional Chinese herb Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. G. Hartley. Evo, an indole alkaloid, possesses various pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, analgesic, and antihypertensive effects. It has shown significant anti-tumor activity in various cancers including liver cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and kidney cancer. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of Evo's anti-tumor pharmacological effects is one of the key focuses in the research field of Evo-based anti-tumor drugs. Through comprehensive analysis of multiple domestic and international studies, this article reviews the specific molecular mechanisms of Evo's anti-tumor effects, including promoting tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, blocking the cell cycle, influencing glucose metabolism, and regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. It also discusses the synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of Evo and the limitations of its clinical application, providing a reference for the development of Evo-based anti-tumor drugs.

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国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（82304792）；中国博士后基金项目（2024T170657）；天津市自然科学基金项目（23JCJQJC00040）