在空气污染、职业暴露、吸烟与被动吸烟等复杂因素的共同作用下，肺系疾病的发病率逐年上升，如肺癌、肺纤维化和支气管哮喘等已成为全球公共卫生的重大挑战。由于这些疾病在老年群体多发及逐渐演变成慢性病的趋势，迫切需要有效且不良反应小的治疗方法，常见的化学药如头孢类抗菌药物等多产生耐药性，治疗效果并不理想。中药因其多靶点、多通路和安全性较高等特点得到高度重视。西红花具有凉血解毒、活血化瘀和解郁安神的功效，现代研究表明西红花在抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎和抗氧化应激等方面具有药理活性，对肺系疾病的防治具有多种作用机制，就西红花及其活性成分的药理作用和其活性成分在防治肺系疾病的作用机制进行总结，为后续研究和临床应用提供思路。

Under the combined effects of complex factors such as air pollution, occupational exposure, smoking, and passive smoking, the incidence of pulmonary diseases has been increasing annually. Conditions such as lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchial asthma have become major global public health challenges. Given the higher prevalence of these diseases among the elderly and their tendency to progress into chronic conditions, there is an urgent need for effective treatments with minimal adverse effects. Conventional chemical drugs, such as cephalosporin antibiotics, often lead to drug resistance and demonstrate limited therapeutic efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered increasing attention due to its multi-target, multi-pathway mechanisms and relatively high safety profile. Xihonghua (Croci Stigma) is known in TCM for its properties of cooling blood, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, resolving stasis, and alleviating depression to calm the mind. Modern research has demonstrated that Croci Stigma exhibits various pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress effects, with multiple mechanisms of action in prevention and treatment of pulmonary diseases. This review summarizes pharmacological effects of Croci Stigma and its bioactive constituents, as well as their mechanisms in managing pulmonary diseases, aiming to provide insights for future research and clinical applications.

R285

山东省2022年研究生优质教育教学资源项目（SDYAL2022047）；2024年度山东省中医药科技资助项目（M20241739）；山东中医药大学青年科研创新团队（2020-54-19）中医药经典理论教育部重点实验室2023年开放课题；山东省高等学校“青创人才引育计划”-中医经典肾脏象理论及主骨生髓生物学机制研究创新团队