目的 对黄芩汤（Huangqin Decoction，HD）相态进行拆分并对不同相态抗皮肤癣菌作用进行考察。方法 采用高速离心结合膜透析法将黄芩汤拆分为沉淀相态（HD precipitation phase，HD-P）、真溶液相态（HD solution phase，HD-S）以及纳米相态（HD nano phase，HD-N），并对各相态进行表征；采用HPLC法、苯酚-硫酸法、二喹啉甲酸法（bicinchoninic acid assay，BCA）分别测定了黄芩汤中主要有效成分、多糖、蛋白在不同相态中的含量，采用Franz扩散池考察了不同相态中主要成分的释放特性；采用微量稀释法考察黄芩汤不同相态对4种临床常见皮肤癣菌的抗菌作用，并以须癣毛癣菌为模型菌株，系统考察了黄芩汤不同相态对其菌丝生长、孢子萌发、生物合成的影响。结果 10个主要成分（芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、芹糖甘草苷、黄芩苷、千层纸素A苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、甘草酸、汉黄芩素、千层纸素A）和蛋白、多糖主要分布在HD-N中；6个成分作为体外释放检测指标，芍药内酯苷、芍药苷的累积溶出率：HD-S＞HD-N＞黄芩汤＞HD-P；芹糖甘草苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、甘草酸的累积溶出率：HD-N＞黄芩汤＞HD-S＞HD-P；各相态最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC）：HD-N（0.78～1.56 mg/mL）＜黄芩汤（1.56～6.25 mg/mL）＜HD-S（12.50～25.00 mg/mL）＜HD-P（＞100.00 mg/mL）；黄芩汤不同相态对须癣毛癣菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发、生物合成的抑制作用：HD-N最佳（P＜0.05、0.01），其次为黄芩汤、HD-S、HD-P。结论 黄芩汤不同相态的抗菌作用强弱与其主要成分分布、体外累积溶出密切相关且呈正相关关系，即主要成分含量越高、成分累积溶出率越高的相态抗菌作用越强。

Objective To disintegrate the phases of Huangqin Decoction (HD, 黄芩汤) and investigate the anti-dermatophyte effects of different phases. Methods HD was split into precipitation phase (HD-P), solution phase (HD-S) and nano phase (HD-N) by high-speed centrifugation combined with membrane dialysis, and each phase was characterized. The contents of HD active components, polysaccharides and proteins in different phases were determined by HPLC, phenol sulfuric acid method and bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). The release characteristics of the main components in different phase states were investigated by Franz diffusion cell. Microdilution method was used to investigate the antifungal effects of different phases of HD on four common clinical dermatophytes, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was used as the model strain. The effects of different phases of HD on mycelial growth, spore germination and biomass synthesis were studied. Results A total of 10 components (albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin apioside, baicalin, melaleuca glycoside A, wogonoside, baicalein, glycyrrhizic acid, wogonin and oroxylin A), protein and polysaccharide were mainly distributed in HD-N. The cumulative dissolution rate of albiflorin and paeoniflorin was HD-S > HD-N > HD > HD-P. The cumulative dissolution rate of liquiritin apioside, baicalin, wogonoside and glycyrrhizic acid was HD-N > HD > HD-S > HD-P; The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each phase was: HD-N (0.78—1.56 mg/mL) < HD (1.56—6.25 mg/mL) < HD-S (12.50—25.00 mg/mL) < HD-P (> 100.00 mg/mL); The inhibitory effects of different phases of HD on mycelium growth, spore germination and biomass synthesis were as follows: HD-N was the best (P < 0.05, 0.01), followed by HD, HD-S and HD-P. Conclusion The antifungal activity of different phases of HD is closely and positively related to the distribution of main components and in vitro cumulative dissolution, that is, the higher the content of main components and the higher the cumulative dissolution rate of components, the stronger the antifungal effect of phase.

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江西省自然科学基金青年项目（20232BAB216124）；江西省中医药中青年骨干人才培养对象（赣中医药科教字〔2022〕7号）；赣鄱俊才支持计划-高层次高技能领军人才培养工程（赣人社字［2024］69号）