肿瘤微环境（tumor microenvironment，TME）是指肿瘤细胞生长、侵袭和转移的特殊内在环境。TME中的细胞和非细胞成分对肿瘤的起始、生长、侵袭、转移、耐药起关键作用。因此，靶向调控TME是治疗肿瘤的创新疗法。中药活性成分可通过调控肿瘤相关成纤维细胞、细胞外基质、免疫细胞及因子、代谢重编程，抑制血管生成、炎症因子分泌、缺氧诱导因子表达等调控TME。然而，大多中药成分存在溶解性、稳定性、渗透性不佳，体内易清除及靶向性不足的问题，因此将中药活性成分靶向递送至TME至关重要。通过综述主动靶向、被动靶向、TME响应性纳米递送策略在中药调控TME中的研究进展，为中药靶向调控TME的制剂研究，提升其临床应用效果和临床转化提供参考。

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the special intrinsic environment for tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis. Cellular and non-cellular components of the TME play key roles in tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, targeted modulation of TME can be used as an innovative therapy for treating tumors. The active components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate TME by regulating tumor-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, immune cells and factors, metabolic reprogramming, and inhibiting angiogenesis, inflammatory factor secretion, and hypoxia-inducible factor expression, etc. However, most of the active components of TCM suffer from poor solubility, stability, and penetration, and are easy to be cleared in vivo, as well as insufficient targeting, so targeted delivery of the active components of TCM to the TME is crucial. This paper reviews the research progress of active targeting, passive targeting, and TME-responsive nanodelivery strategies in the regulation of the TME by TCM. This review aims to provide a reference for developing TCM-based targeted TME-modulating preparations and enhancing their clinical application efficacy and translational potential.

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国家自然科学基金项目（82060719）；江西中医药大学校级创新专项基金项目（JZYC23S67）