目的 建立甘松Nardostachys jatamansi挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱，结合化学模式识别筛选其差异标志物，并进行抑菌活性研究，为甘松挥发油质量评价及应用提供参考。方法 采用GC-MS鉴定甘松挥发油的化学成分并建立指纹图谱；通过相似度评价、聚类分析、主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析对差异标志物进行筛选；并用牛津杯法评价其抑菌活性。结果 甘松挥发油中鉴定出33个化学成分，建立了甘松挥发油指纹图谱，共标定15个共有峰，相似度为0.936～0.994；通过聚类分析将不同产地甘松挥发油分为4类，主成分分析结果与聚类分析结果基本相同，综合分析筛选白菖烯、百秋李醇、β-马里烯、马兜铃酮、马榄醇及马兜铃烯可作为甘松挥发油差异标志物；甘松挥发油对红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、幽门螺旋杆菌、肺炎链球菌有明显抑菌效果，最小抑菌浓度分别为0.4%、0.8%、3.1%、1.6%、6.25%。结论 采用指纹图谱结合化学模式识别技术可快速、有效地筛选甘松挥发油差异标志物，且甘松挥发油具有较好抑菌活性，可为甘松资源的综合开发利用及挥发油质量标准的建立奠定基础。

Objective To establish a GC-MS fingerprint of volatile oil from Nardostachys jatamansi, combined with chemical pattern recognition to screen its differential markers, and study its antibacterial activity, providing a reference for the quality evaluation and application of volatile oil from N. jatamansi. Methods GC-MS was used to identify the chemical components of the volatile oil from N. jatamansi and establish a fingerprint; Differential markers were selected through similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis; The antibacterial activity was evaluated by Oxford Cup method. Results A total of 33 chemical components were identified in the volatile oil of N. jatamansi, and a fingerprint of the volatile oil of N. jatamansi was established. A total of 15 common peaks were calibrated, with a similarity of 0.936 to 0.994. The volatile oil of N. jatamansi from different regions was divided into four categories through cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis were basically the same. Through comprehensive analysis, calarene, patchouli alcohol, β-maaliene, aristolone, maalialcohol, and aristolene alkene can be used as differential markers for the volatile oil of N. jatamansi; The volatile oil of N. jatamansi had obvious antibacterial effect on Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.4%, 0.8%, 3.1%, 1.6%, and 6.25%, respectively. Conclusion Using fingerprint combined with chemical pattern recognition technology can quickly and effectively screen the differential markers of volatile oil of N. jatamansi, and the volatile oil of N. jatamansi has good antibacterial activity. This study lays a material foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of N. jatamansi resources and the establishment of quality standards for the volatile oil.

R286.2

国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1706101）；四川省重点研发项目（2024YFFK0190）；四川省中医药管理局中医药科研专项（2023MS315）；西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项（ZYN2025023）