目的 以养阴类中药及其多糖组分为研究对象，通过数据挖掘和关联分析，揭示其物质结构与生物效应的密切关联性，为养阴类中药药性阐释及多糖类成分的开发利用提供科学依据。方法 通过检索养阴类中药多糖的结构与生物效应相关信息，运用Microsoft Excel建立养阴类中药多糖相对分子质量、糖苷键类型、单糖组成及其生物活性数据表，并运用SPSS Modeler 18.0软件中Apriori算法进行关联分析。结果 养阴类中药多糖主要由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖通过1→4和1→6糖苷键连接而成，其主要的生物效应包括抗氧化、调节免疫和降血糖等。关联分析发现，养阴类中药多糖的相对分子质量、糖苷键类型和单糖组成与其生物效应具有明显相关性。其中，相对分子质量＜1×10⁴与抗氧化效应相关性最强，相对分子质量1×10⁴～1×10⁵与调节免疫效应相关性最强，1→4糖苷键类型与抗肿瘤和调节免疫效应相关性最强，葡萄糖与调节免疫效应相关性最强。结论 石斛、黄精、麦冬、枸杞子等养阴类中药所含多糖类物质与维持体内阴液，促进津液生成，提高免疫机能等生物活性密切相关。多糖结构特征与养阴功效之间的关联关系与规律性认知，可为揭示其药性特点、指导中医临床合理用药以及发现和创制新药提供科学依据。

Objective To elucidate the intrinsic relationship between the structural characteristics of polysaccharides from yin-nourishing traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their biological effects through data mining and association analysis taking the yin-nourishing TCMs and its polysaccharide components as the research object, thereby providing a scientific foundation for interpreting their pharmacological properties and advancing the development and utilization of polysaccharides. Methods By searching for the structure and biological effects of polysaccharides of yin-nourishing TCMs, the data on the molecular weight, glycosidic bond types, monosaccharide composition, and bioactivity of these polysaccharides were compiled using Microsoft Excel and correlation analysis was conducted using the Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 18.0. Results Data mining revealed that the polysaccharides from yin-nourishing TCMs are primarily composed of glucose, mannose, and galactose linked by 1→4 and 1→6 glycosidic bonds, with their predominant biological effects including antioxidant activity, immune regulation, and hypoglycemic effects. The correlation analysis further identified significant correlations between the molecular weight, glycosidic bond types, and monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides and their biological effects. Specifically, polysaccharides with a molecular weight of less than 1 × 10⁴ were most strongly associated with antioxidant activity, those with a molecular weight of 1 × 10⁴—1 × 10⁵ were closely related to immune regulation, the 1→4 glycosidic bond type was closely related to anti-tumor and immune regulation effects, and glucose was closely related to immune regulation effects. Conclusion Polysaccharides from yin-nourishing TCMs such as Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus) are critically associated with maintaining yin-fluid balance, promoting bodily fluid production, and enhancing immune function. The relationship and regularity of polysaccharide structure characteristics and yin-nourishing effect can provide scientific basis for revealing its medicinal properties, guiding clinical rational drug use, and discovering and creating new drugs.

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江苏省自然科学基金青年项目（BK20231462，BK20240749）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（82405025）；江苏省高等学校基础科学（自然科学）研究面上项目（23KJB360010，24KJB360017）；江苏省“双创博士”项目（JSSCBS20230146）；江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心开放课题重点项目（ZDXM-2023-17）；国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目—中药资源化学（zyyzdxk-2023083）；国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目（U21A20408）