目的 研究黑桑Morus nigra茎枝的化学成分。方法 采用90%乙醇加热回流提取，依次用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、MCI、聚酰胺和制备型液相色谱对提取物进行分离纯化。根据化合物的波谱数据和理化性质进行结构鉴定；以L-谷氨酸诱导的大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞PC-12（高分化）作为神经细胞损伤模型，通过CCK8法检测细胞活力，评估化合物的保护作用。结果 从黑桑茎枝乙醇提取物的大孔吸附树脂40%乙醇洗脱部位中分离得到6个化合物，分别鉴定为4,4′-(2-(3,5-二羟基苯基)乙烷-1,1-二基)双(苯-1,3-二醇)（1）、氧化白藜芦醇（2）、白藜芦醇（3）、桑辛素M（4）、4-[2-(3-羟苯基)乙烯]-1,3-苯二醇（5）、二氢氧化白藜芦醇（6）。化合物1对L-谷氨酸诱导的PC-12细胞损伤具有保护作用，半数有效浓度（median effective concentration，EC₅₀）值为62.36 µmol/L。结论 化合物1为新化合物，命名为黑桑二苯乙烯A（nigrastilbene A），可明显减轻L-谷氨酸诱导的PC-12细胞损伤。化合物5、6为首次从该植物中分离得到。

Objective To study the chemical composition of the stems of Morus nigra. Methods The study employed 90% ethanol reflux method, followed by a meticulous purification process involving stages with macroporous absorbent resin, silica gel, MCI, polyamide, and preparative liquid chromatography for compound isolation. Structural elucidation and confirmation were carried out based on the spectral data analysis and comprehensive physicochemical characterizations of the compounds; A neuronal injury model was established using L-glutamate-induced differentiated PC-12 cells (rat adrenal pheochromocytoma-derived), and the neuroprotective effects of compounds were evaluated via CCK-8 assay. Results Six compounds were isolated from the 40% ethanol elution fraction by macroporous absorbent resin of ethanol extract of M. nigra, and identified as 4,4'-(2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(benzene-1,3-diol) (1), oxyresveratrol (2), resveratrol (3), moracin M (4), 4-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzenediol (5), and dihydroresveratrol (6). Compound 1 exhibited significant protection against L-glutamate-induced PC-12 cell damage with an EC₅₀ (median effective concentration) value of 62.36 µmol/L. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound, named nigrastilbene A, which can significantly alleviate the L-glutamate induced PC-12 cell damage. Compounds 5 and 6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

R284.1

国家自然科学基金资助项目（32270421）