高脂血症是常见代谢性疾病。现有研究显示，中药的调脂作用与肠道菌群密切相关，可提高拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌等益生菌丰度，这些益生菌又能促进药物成分的释放与吸收，从而达到调脂作用。肠道菌群逐渐成为中药调脂作用机制研究新热点。然而，当前调脂机制尚未完全阐明，且相关研究多聚焦于单一通路或靶点，未充分展现中药“多靶点、多通路”优势，因此调脂作用机制仍有待深入探究。鉴于此，通过从肠道菌群切入，系统总结中药-肠道菌群-宿主的多途径协同作用机制，旨在阐释基于肠道菌群的中药调脂机制，为中药在高脂血症治疗领域的研究提供新的视角与思路。

Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disease. Research indicates that the lipid-lowering efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is significantly linked to the modulation of intestinal microbiota, by enhancing the proliferation of beneficial probiotics, including Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium, which facilitate the release and absorption of pharmacological constituents, thereby contributing to lipid reduction. The intestinal flora has gradually become a new hotspot of research on the mechanism of lipid-lowering effect of TCM. However, the current lipid-lowering mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated, and most of the related studies focus on a single pathway or target, which fails to adequately represent the inherent advantages of TCM’s multi-target and multi-pathway approaches. Therefore, a more comprehensive exploration of the lipid-lowering mechanisms is warranted. In view of this, this article seeks to elucidate the synergistic interactions among TCM, intestinal flora, and the host. It aims to clarify the lipid-lowering mechanisms of Chinese medicine through the lens of intestinal flora, thereby offering novel insights and perspectives for advancing research in treatment of hyperlipidemia with TCM.

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国家自然科学基金青年项目（82204509）；通辽市科技计划项目（TL2023YF010）