目的 为探知天冬Asparagus cochinchinensis块根生长膨大的分子机制，对不同膨大期的天冬进行转录组测序，挖掘促使块根生长膨大的关键基因。方法 以不同膨大期的天冬为材料，采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台进行转录组测序，组装与注释后进行差异表达基因（differential gene，DEGs）筛选。结果 转录组测序共获得59.20 Gb clean data，Q₃₀均不小于94.23%，共得到99 930条Unigene，其中47 857条被注释。3种不同膨大状态的天冬中的DEGs有1 429个，GO富集结果表明，3种不同膨大期天冬的DEGs主要富集于细胞过程、代谢过程、结合力与催化活性等功能，同源蛋白簇（clusters of orthologous groups，COG）富集结果表明，3种不同膨大期的天冬中DEGs主要富集于信号转导机制、碳水化合物转运代谢以及细胞壁/膜/被膜的生物合成。京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）富集分析显示，与根膨大相关的通路[植物激素信号传导、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinases，MAPK）信号通路、淀粉与蔗糖代谢以及苯丙烷生物合成]为DEGs代表性富集通路。结合差异基因的注释信息以及表达量情况分析表明，多种酶类（SAUR、XTH、LRR-RLPK、SPP、EG、BGLU、TPP、AMY、BAMY、PAL、PER）参与天冬块根膨大，其中XTH可能是影响天冬块根的膨大发育过程的最主要的酶类。结论 通过对不同膨大状态天冬的高通量转录组测序，揭示了天冬块根生长膨大的关键酶基因，可为天冬根系生长膨大的生物学机制提供参考。

Objective The underground expanded tuberous roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis are used as the herbal medicine Tiandong (Asparagi Radix). In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of A. cochinchinensis tuber growth and expansion, transcriptome sequencing of A. cochinchinensis at different expansion stages was carried out, and the key genes contributing to tuber growth and expansion were excavated. Methods A. cochinchinensis at different expansion stages were used as materials for transcriptome sequencing using Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform, and screening of differentially expressed genes was performed after assembly and annotation. Results A total of 59.20 Gb clean data were obtained from transcriptome sequencing, and none of the Q30 was less than 94.23%, and a total of 99 930 Unigenes were obtained, of which 47 857 were annotated. There were 1 429 DEGs in the three different size states of A. cochinchinensis, and GO enrichment results showed that DEGs in asparagus of three different expansion stages were mainly enriched in cellular processes, metabolic processes, and functions such as binding and catalytic activities, and the COG enrichment results showed that DEGs in asparagus of three different expansion stages were mainly enriched in the signal transduction mechanism, carbohydrate transport metabolism, and biosynthesis of cell wall/membrane/transparenchyme, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the pathways related to root expansion (Plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, Starch and sucrose metabolism, and Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis) were the main pathways enriched in DEGs. Combined with the annotation information of the differential genes and the analysis of the expression profiles showed that a variety of enzymes (SAUR, XTH, LRR-RLPK, SPP, EG, BGLU, TPP, AMY, BAMY, PAL, PER) are involved in A. cochinchinensis root tuber expansion, among which XTH may be the most important enzyme affecting the expansion and development process. Conclusion By high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of different sizes of A. cochinchinensis, key genes involved in root growth and enlargement were revealed, which can provide reference for the biological mechanism of root growth and enlargement in A. cochinchinensis.

R286.12

四川药品监督管理局科技计划项目（2023MS615）